Verses 11-13: A
brief account of the darkest of days in the history of the gospel. By
withdrawing from the Gentile believers to fellowship with the
Judaizers who held a position he knew was wrong, Peter had in
appearance supported their doctrine and nullified Paul’s divine
teaching, especially the doctrine of salvation by grace alone through
faith alone.
Galatians 2:11
"But when Peter was come to Antioch, I withstood him to the
face, because he was to be blamed."
“Antioch”: The
location of the first Gentile church.
“He was to be
blamed”: Peter was guilty of sin by aligning himself with men he
knew to be in error and because of the harm and confusion he caused
his Gentile brethren.
We see, in this, a
confrontation between Paul and Peter. Since Paul was primarily
ministering to Gentile believers and Peter was ministering to Jewish
converts, it would be a natural thing for them to bring different
messages. I do not believe this is speaking of that, however. It
appears there was a definite difference in Paul and Peter's belief.
This is really in an
area where Paul had preached more. It appears that Peter, from time
to time, went around the area and checked on the churches. Many Jews
had converted to Christianity, as well as the Gentiles. It appears
that Peter as like an overseer.
Paul did not talk
behind Peter's back, but met with him in person to accuse him of
error. This trip to Antioch was probably quite a bit later than
Paul's visit to Jerusalem that we read about in the last lesson.
Galatians 2:12
"For before that certain came from James, he did eat with the
Gentiles: but when they were come, he withdrew and separated himself,
fearing them which were of the circumcision."
“Certain came from
James”: Peter, knowing the decision the Jerusalem Council had made
(Acts 15:7-29), had been in Antioch for some time, eating with
Gentiles.
When Judaizers came,
pretending to be sent by James, they lied, giving false claims of
support from the apostles. Peter had already given up all Mosaic
ceremony (Acts 10:9-22) and James had at times held only to some of
it (Acts 21:18-26).
“Withdrew”: The
Greek term refers to strategic military withdrawal. The verb’s form
may imply that Peter’s withdrawal was gradual and deceptive.
To eat with the
Judaizers and decline invitations to eat with the Gentiles, which he
had previously done, meant that Peter was affirming the very dietary
restrictions he knew God had abolished (Acts 10:15) and thus striking
a blow at the gospel of grace.
“Fearing them
which were of the circumcision”: The true motivation behind Peter’s
defection. He was afraid of losing popularity with the legalistic,
Judaizing segment of people in the church, even thought they were
self-righteous hypocrites promoting a heretical doctrine.
“Them which were
of the circumcision”: This refers to Jewish Christians from
Jerusalem who was troubled about the Jewish Christians in Antioch,
who were taking meals with gentiles, thus probably eating forbidden
foods.
The question in
Jerusalem was this: were Gentile Christians obligated to observe the
law, of which circumcision is the sign? The answer was no (verses
1-10). Peter’s action in Antioch of withdrawing from Gentile meals
raised another issue: were Jewish Christian’s also free from the
law?
It seems that Peter
had eaten with the Gentiles, until these men came from James. Peter
withdrew himself (as the Jews had done in times past) from the
Gentiles, while the men from James were there. You remember, James
was the head of the church in Jerusalem, which was almost entirely
made up of Jewish converts.
Peter, it seemed,
did not want a report going back to James of his fellowshipping with
the Gentiles. It appears to me, from this that perhaps the teaching
of the keeping of the law by the converted Jews has come from James.
Peter did not want a bad report going back to James.
Galatians 2:13
"And the other Jews dissembled likewise with him; insomuch that
Barnabas also was carried away with their dissimulation."
“And the other
Jews” The Jewish believers in Antioch.
“Likewise with
him”: (Hypocrisy), A Greek word referring to an actor who wore a
mask to depict a mood or certain character. In the spiritual sense,
it refers to someone who masks his true character by pretending to be
something he is not (Matt. 6:1-6). They were committed to the gospel
of grace, but pretended to accept Jewish legalism.
"Dissembled"
could be said, “acted hypocritically.” The detrimental effect of
Peter’s action was to influence other Jewish Christians to separate
themselves from their Gentile brethren. Even the spiritual giant
Barnabas, who had championed Gentile freedom in verses 1-9, “was
carried away with their dissimulation” (hypocrisy).
The hypocrisy here
was the false impression left by their behavior; they really believed
it was all right to eat with Gentiles, but acted as through these
convictions were not theirs.
“Dissembled” in
the verse above, means to act hypocritically in concert with.
"Dissimulation" means hypocrisy, deceit, or condemnation.
This, then, is a terrible accusation of Paul against Peter.
Until this happened,
Paul had thought the last one to do this would be Barnabas. For
anyone to be one way in front of one group of people, and be another
way in front of another group would be hypocrisy.
We must remember,
however, that the church was in its formative stage here. It was very
difficult for those who had begun with the law (even Paul) to just be
transformed overnight in their thinking, and do an about face on all
the things they had been taught. Part of their problem arose from the
fact that, they had separate rules for the Jews and the Gentiles.
Even Paul, sometimes
conformed to the wishes of the people around him when he made
decisions, such as when he circumcised Timothy. In those early days,
they did things, they would not have done later to try to get into a
certain group to preach. They bowed to the customs of the people, so
they would be allowed to preach there.
Galatians 2:14
"But when I saw that they walked not uprightly according to the
truth of the gospel, I said unto Peter before [them] all, If thou,
being a Jew, livest after the manner of Gentiles, and not as do the
Jews, why compellest thou the Gentiles to live as do the Jews?"
“Uprightly”:
Literally to walk “straight” or “uprightly.” By withdrawing
from the Gentile Christians; peter and the other Jewish believers
were not walking in line with God’s Word.
“Truth of the
gospel”: Of Jesus Christ.
“Livest after the
manner of Gentiles”: Before his gradual withdrawal, Peter regularly
had fellowship and ate with the Gentiles, thus modeling the ideal of
Christian love and liberty between Jew and Gentile.
“Compellest thou
the Gentiles to live as do the Jews”: By his Judaizing mandate, he
was declaring theirs was the right way.
“They walked not
uprightly according to the truth of the gospel:” that is, “They
were not acting rightly regarding the truth of the gospel.” The
gospel teaches that a person is saved by grace, not by law. Therefore
he is not obligated as a Christian to live under the law.
“Thou … livest
after the manner of Gentiles:” Peter was living Like a Gentile in
that he was mixing freely with Gentile believers and not observing
Jewish custom. He was eating Gentile foods. Yet Peter compelled “the
Gentiles to live as do the Jews” in separating himself from them.
By refusing to eat
with them he left Gentile believers no alternative but to either
adopt Jewish dietary regulations, or suffer a split in their church.
In short, Peter was forcing them to become Jewish proselytes. Peter’s
hypocrisy lay not in his observing Jewish laws, but in making
Gentiles keep them.
Paul is questioning
Peter, why he lived one way before these Jewish brothers arrived, and
then changed when they came. Even though Peter knew the Gentiles had
been accepted of God in their uncircumcised condition, he still felt
that it would be good if they would not fight the Jews on this issue.
It seems that many of the Christians were afraid of the Jews.
It appears to me
that Paul is saying, make up your mind whether you are a Jew or a
Christian, and live accordingly. Let the Gentiles alone. If they are
good enough for God in the condition He called them, and then leaves
them alone. Do not try to make them conform to Jewish customs.
Verses 15-16: Paul’s
rebuke of Peter serves as one of the most dynamic statements in the
New Testament on the absolute and unwavering necessity of the
doctrine of justification by grace through faith. Peter’s apparent
repentance acknowledged Paul’s apostolic authority and his own
submission to the truth (2 Pet. 3:15-16).
Galatians 2:15
"We [who are] Jews by nature, and not sinners of the Gentiles,"
“Sinners of the
Gentiles”: This is used in the legal sense since Gentiles were
sinners by nature because they had no revealed divine written law to
guide them toward salvation or living righteously.
“Sinners” is a
derogatory term almost synonymous with Gentiles. Since Gentiles did
not live under the law, their immorality was usually worse than that
of the Jews, whose behavior was generally restrained by the law. So
in Jewish opinion Gentiles were, by the nature of the case, sinners.
Paul is saying that
he too, had been a Jew by birth. "Sinners of the Gentiles"
is a sarcastic remark about how the Jews had always looked down on
the Gentiles.
Verses 15-16: Even
though Jews are in some respects not outwardly “sinners” like
Gentiles, they still know one cannot be justified by observing the
law but only by faith in Christ. Paul therefore affirms that “even
we” [Jews] “have believed in Jesus Christ” in order to be
saved.
To be “justified”
is to be accounted by God as acceptable to him. This occurs “not …
by the works of the law” [meritorious works], “but by the faith
of” [in] “Jesus Christ” (i.e., by relying on Christ’s atoning
death.
Galatians 2:16
"Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law,
but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus
Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by
the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be
justified."
“Works … faith”:
Three times in this verse Paul declares that salvation is only
through faith in Christ and not by law. The first is general, “a
man” in not justified”; the second is personal, “we might be
justified”; and the third is universal, “no flesh be justified.”
“Justified”:
This basic forensic Greek word describes a judge declaring an accused
person not guilty and therefore innocent before the law.
Throughout Scripture
it refers to God’s declaring a sinner not guilty and fully
righteous before Him by imputing to him the divine righteousness of
Christ and imputing the man’s sin to his sinless Savior for
punishment.
“Works of the
law”: Keeping the law is a totally unacceptable means of salvation
because the root of sinfulness is in the fallenness of man’s heart,
not his actions. The law served as a mirror to reveal sin, not a cure
for it.
Paul is reminding
Peter and the others, that even though they had been Jews, they had
to come to Christ through faith, not works. It was not the keeping of
the law that saved Abraham. His faith was counted unto him as
righteousness. By the law, no one would be saved, because all have
sinned and deserve death.
"Justified"
means just as if I had never sinned. Look with me, at the next
Scriptures which say it so well.
Romans 3:19-24 "Now
we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who
are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world
may become guilty before God." "Therefore by the deeds of
the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the
law [is] the knowledge of sin." "But now the righteousness
of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and
the prophets;" "Even the righteousness of God [which is] by
faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe: for
there is no difference:" "For all have sinned, and come
short of the glory of God;" "Being justified freely by his
grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus:"
This next Scripture
says it all. Romans 3:28 "Therefore we conclude that a man is
justified by faith without the deeds of the law."
Galatians 2:17
"But if, while we seek to be justified by Christ, we ourselves
also are found sinners, [is] therefore Christ the minister of sin?
God forbid."
“We … also are
found sinners”: If the Judaizers’ doctrine was correct, then
Paul, Peter, Barnabas and the other Jewish believers fell back into
the category of sinners because they had been eating and
fellowshipping with Gentiles, who according to the Judaizers were
unclean.
“Minister of sin:
If the Judaizers were right, then Christ was wrong and had been
teaching people to sin because He taught that food could not
contaminate a person (Mark 7:19); Acts 10:13-15). He also declared
that all who belong to Him are one with Him and therefore each other
(John 17:21-23).
Paul’s airtight
logic condemned Peter, because by his actions he had in effect made
it appear as if Christ was lying. This thought is utterly
objectionable and caused Paul to use the strongest Greek negative
(“certainly not”, 3:21; Rom. 6:1-2; 7:13).
The Judaizers’
objection to this doctrine of justification by faith alone is this:
If a Jew seeks “to be justified by Christ” apart from the law he
is then outside the law and thus a “sinner” like the Gentiles.
The Judaizers fear that a Christian outside the law will lead an
immoral life since his conduct is no longer restrained by the law.
Followed to its
logical conclusion, under this theory “Christ” is “the minister
of sin.” That is, He promotes sin and encourages His followers to
transgress. But the apostle’s exclamation, “God forbid,” denies
this false teaching.
A Christian is a
believer in and a follower of the Lord Jesus Christ. If we have made
Christ the Lord of our life, then we no longer make our decisions.
Christ makes the decisions. Christ will never decide to sin. The Lord
Jesus Christ will not live in the person who habitually sins. We must
let Jesus Christ become so real in our lives that we will be a
reflection of Him.
Galatians 2:18
"For if I build again the things which I destroyed, I make
myself a transgressor."
“Which I
destroyed”: The false system of salvation through legalism, done
away with by the preaching of salvation by grace alone through faith
alone.
“For” confirms
the denial that Jesus, by the doctrine of justification alone, would
encourage sin. To “build again” is to reinstate “the things”
(the demands of the law) which one previously “destroyed” (i.e.,
renounced).
Paul declares that
“I make myself a transgressor” if he again puts himself under the
law which he formerly abandoned. How? The law awakens and incites sin
in a man (Rom. 7:7-11). So to obligate oneself again to the law is to
put oneself under that legal system which awakens sin. Christ removes
the law, thus delivering him from sin.
This is just saying
if you go back into sin after you have received forgiveness for the
sin, you make yourself a transgressor. "Transgressor" here,
means, violator or breaker. God gives us freedom from sin. It is our
obligation to live in the salvation provided for us.
Romans 6:4
"Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that
like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the
Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life."
Galatians 2:19
"For I through the law am dead to the law, that I might live
unto God."
“Dead to the law”:
When a person is convicted of a capital crime and executed, the law
has no further claim on him. So it is with the Christian who has died
in Christ (who paid the penalty for his sins in full) and rises to
new life in Him – justice has been satisfied and he is forever free
from any further penalty.
“For”
substantiates the declaration that it is the law, not Christ, which
promotes sin. To be “dead to the law” is to be free from the
obligation to obey it. This freedom came “through the law.” The
law’s intention, by awakening and revealing man’s sin, was to
lead him to Christ, who alone could properly deal with his sin
(3:19-25).
The purpose of being
freed from the law is that the Christian “might live unto” [for]
“God.” For the whole of his earthly Christian life the believer
is to live for God’s sake, obeying, serving, and glorifying Him.
Jesus became our
substitute for our sin on the cross. He fulfilled the law for each of
us who will accept it. The law is of none effect in the believer. The
price has been paid in full.
Romans 7:5-6 "For
when we were in the flesh, the motions of sins, which were by the
law, did work in our members to bring forth fruit unto death."
"But now we are delivered from the law, that being dead wherein
we were held; that we should serve in newness of spirit, and not [in]
the oldness of the letter."
Sin, for the
Christian, died on the Lord's body on the cross. We live in Him.
Galatians 2:20 "I
am crucified with Christ: nevertheless I live; yet not I, but Christ
liveth in me: and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by
the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself for me."
“I am crucified
with Christ”: See notes on Rom. 6:2-6. When a person trusts in
Christ for salvation, he spiritually participates with the Lord in
His crucifixion and His victory over sin and death.
“Yet not I, but
Christ liveth in me”: The believer’s old self is dead (see note
on Eph. 4:22), having been crucified with Christ (Rom. 6:3, 5). The
believer’s new self has the privilege of the in-dwelling Christ
empowering him and living through him.
“Gave himself for
me”: The manifestation of Christ’s love for the believer through
His sacrificial death on the cross (John 10:17-18; Rom. 5:6-8; Eph.
5:25-30).
To be “crucified
with Christ” means the believer has been freed from the law (verse
19), and from the ruling power of sin that was aroused by the law.
“Nevertheless I live; yet not I, but Christ liveth in me” is
interpreted, “And I no longer live, but Christ lives in me.”
Since the believer
has been freed from the law and sin, the old sinful life no longer
asserts itself as formerly. Instead, “Christ liveth in me;” that
is, Jesus cultivates within the believer (Paul) His own desires,
virtues, character and power, thus morally transforming him and
working through him on others.
Paul lives his
current Christian life “by the faith of” [in] “the Son of God,”
that is, by depending on Him for strength and all necessities.
This tells exactly
what happens to the believer in Christ. My flesh must be crucified
that my spirit might live. That spirit took up a dwelling place in my
body. The soul is the will. My spirit and my body are constantly
fighting for control of my will. When I become a Christian and make
Jesus Christ Lord of my life, my flesh loses this battle. The Spirit
of the risen Christ takes up abode in me, and He is in control of me.
I have turned my
will over to God. It is my faith in God which gave me the confidence
to turn myself over to the will of God. Christ lives in me to the
glory of God. There is no need for me to worry, because He has
everything under control. Temptations fade away, because I have
turned the decision making over to Him. Christ in me, the hope of
glory.
Galatians 2:21 "I
do not frustrate the grace of God: for if righteousness [come] by the
law, then Christ is dead in vain."
Paul concluded that
Peter, by taking his stand with the Judaizers and thus against
Christ, was in effect denying the need for God’s grace and thereby
nullifying the benefit of Christ’s death.
“Righteousness”:
Christ’s Righteousness.
“Christ is dead in
vain”: Those who insist they can earn salvation by their own
efforts undermine the foundation of Christianity and render
unnecessary the death of Christ.
“Frustrate”
(nullify): Paul is pointing out that one would deny “the grace of
God” by accepting Christ’s atonement and then viewing His
atonement as having little value, reverting back to the law in order
to secure salvation. “For” gives the reason Paul does not attempt
to nullify God’s grace. It is not owing to “righteousness”
[i.e., salvation] “by the law.”
If that were the
case, “then Christ” died needlessly. These words bring Paul’s
strong rebuke (verses 14-21) of his fellow apostle to a close.
Peter’s return to the law, having believed in Jesus, was like an
admission that Christ’s sacrifice was inadequate; his hypocrisy
diluted God’s grace by attempting to add his works to it.
But Peter’s
evident silence in receiving Paul’s reproof shows that he
acknowledged Paul’s charge as correct. Peter, then, recognized
Paul’s gospel to be genuine.
If we could have
been saved by the law, then it would have been useless for Jesus to
give His body on the cross for us.
Romans 10:3 "For
they being ignorant of God's righteousness, and going about to
establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves unto
the righteousness of God."
Hebrews 7:11 "If
therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood for under it
the people received the law, what further need [was there] that
another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be
called after the order of Aaron?"
Galatians 3:21 "Is
the law then against the promises of God? God forbid: for if there
had been a law given which could have given life verily righteousness
should have been by the law."
The law was our
schoolmaster to reveal to us how badly we needed a Savior. Christ
gave His body on the cross that we might live. He purchased our
salvation with His precious blood. He quickens our spirit to eternal
life in Him.
