The
word of the LORD that came unto Hosea, the son of Beeri, in the days
of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and
Hezekiah, kings of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of
Joash, king of Israel. Hos. 1:1
word
of the...
"The word of the Lord" is used three times (Hos. 1:1, 1:2;
4:1).
came
unto Hosea...
Hosea, salvation. The only man whose name is spelled this way (Hos.
1:1-2). He is called Osee in Rom. 9:25.
son
of Beeri...
Jewish tradition identifies Beeri with Beerah of Reuben (1Ch. 5:6).
Christian tradition makes Hosea of the tribe of Issachar.
in
the days... Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and
Hezekiah.
Hosea
was a prophet to the 10-tribe kingdom, but he had warnings for Judah
also. He prophesied in the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and
Hezekiah, kings of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam, king of
Israel. The period must have been at least 72 years, for if he
prophesied during the last 2 years of Jeroboam, there would be 38
years in the rest of the time of Uzziah’s reign to be counted,
besides 16 years of Jotham’s reign and 16 years of Ahaz’s reign
(making a total of 72 years); this would not include any time of his
prophesying in the reign of Hezekiah (Hos. 1:1). The book of Hosea
points to the imminent destruction of the 10 tribes and the fall of
Samaria (predicted in Hos. 13:16), which took place in the 6th year
of Hezekiah. The book is quoted in the N.T. in Mat. 2:15; 9:13; 12:7;
Rom. 9:25-26; 1Cor. 15:55; 1Pet. 2:5, 2:10.
Hosea's Wife and
Children
The
beginning of the word of the LORD by Hosea. And the LORD said to
Hosea, Go, take unto thee a wife of whoredoms and children of
whoredoms: for the land hath committed great whoredom, departing
from the LORD. Hos. 1:2
said
to Hosea...
Hosea claimed that God spoke by him.
Go,
take unto... Twenty-six
Commands in Hosea
1.
Go, take a wife of whoredoms (Hos. 1:2).
2.
Call his name Jezreel (Hos. 1:4).
3.
Call her name Lo-ruhamah (Hos. 1:6).
4.
Call his name Lo-ammi (Hos. 1:9).
5.
Say to your brethren, Ammi; and to your sisters, Ru-hamah (Hos. 2:1).
6.
Plead with your mother (Hos. 2:2).
7.
Let her put away her whoredoms.
8.
Go yet, love a woman beloved by her friend, yet an adulteress,
according to the love of God for Israel (Hos. 3:1).
9.
Hear the word of the Lord (Hos. 4:1).
10.
Let not Judah offend (Hos. 4:15).
11.
Come not to Gilgal.
12.
Do not go up to Beth-aven.
13.
Do not swear, the Lord liveth.
14.
Let him alone (Hos. 4:17).
15.
Hear this, O priests (Hos. 5:1).
16.
Hearken, you house of Israel.
17.
Give ear, O house of the King.
18.
Blow the trumpet in Gibeah (Hos. 5:8).
19.
Blow the trumpet in Ramah.
20.
Cry aloud at Beth-aven.
21.
Let us return to the Lord (Hos. 6:1).
22.
Set the trumpet to the mouth (Hos. 8:1).
23.
Rejoice not, O Israel (Hos. 9:1).
24.
Sow to yourselves in righteousness.
25.
Return to the Lord, O Israel (Hos. 14:1).
26.
Take with you words and turn to the Lord: say to Him, Take away all
iniquity (Hos. 14:2).
The
prophet’s wife was a woman of the northern kingdom and was
therefore regarded as an idolatress, being the child of people in a
nation which had gone deep into idolatry. She became unfaithful to
her husband, Hosea, as she was unfaithful to Jehovah (Hos. 2:1-13).
committed
great whoredom...
Whoredom referred to here not only meant backsliding from Jehovah,
but included literal sex orgies and perversions in connection with
idols, as we have seen through the historical books of the O.T.
So
he went and took Gomer the daughter of Diblaim; which conceived, and
bare him a son. Hos. 1:3
So
he went...
Three things the prophet did:
1.
He went—he did not argue with God as Moses did (Exo. 4:18).
2.
He took Gomer for his wife (Hos. 1:3).
3.
He became a father, Gomer having borne him a son.
and
took Gomer...
Gomer means completion; that is, filling up the measure of idolatry.
In
the course of prophesying he made mention of this person, who was a
notorious common strumpet; and suggested hereby that they were just
like her; or these were fictitious names he used to represent their
case by Gomer signifies both "consummation" and
"consumption".
The
meanings of the people’s names are very important in this. The name
"Gomer" means completion. This means then, that God has
sent them final warning. They have gone too far, with their
unfaithfulness to God. "Diblaim" means two cakes. If we put
the names together, we would see that the woman was a pleasure, but
not a true wife as she was full of sin. Thank goodness the son here
is Hosea's son.
And
the LORD said unto him, Call his name Jezreel; for yet a little
while,
and I will avenge the blood of Jezreel upon the house of Jehu, and
will cause to cease the kingdom of the house of Israel. Hos. 1:4
And
the LORD...
The 1st prophecy in Hosea (Hos. 1:4, fulfilled). Next, Hos. 1:6.
Three
Predictions—Fulfilled:
1.
In a little while I will avenge the blood of Jezreel (Hos. 1:4; 2Ki.
9:16, 2Ki. 9:25, 9:33; 10:11, 10:14-30).
2.
I will cause the kingdom of Israel to cease (the ten tribes, Hos.
1:4; 2Ki. 17:1-41).
3.
I will break the bow of Israel in the valley of Jezreel (Hos. 1:5;
2Ki. 18:11).
Call
his name...
Jezreel, God will scatter or sow. The name of Hosea’s first son.
The meaning was that God would scatter Israel and sow them in all
lands; and when His purpose for this was complete He would again sow
them in their own land (Hos. 2:22-23).
I
will avenge... It was at the city of Jezreel where Jehu slaughtered
the house of Ahab (2 Kings 9:7 – 10:28).
house
of Jehu...
Jehu had carried out God’s judgment on the house of Ahab; then he
went into the same sins for which he had judged Ahab (2Ki. 10:31-36).
This total destruction of the house of Ahab is called "the day
of Jezreel" (Hos. 1:11). It was an appropriate picture of the
terrible destruction in the day of the Lord and Armageddon.
He
is to be a reminder that God will judge the house of Jehu for the
bloodshed in Jezreel, when the kingdom was wrested from Ahab and
Jezebel and God’s judgment was poured out against them (2 Kings
Chapter 9) as above.
cause to
cease... Looks forward to the exile of Israel to Assyria in 722 B.C.,
from which she never returned.
House of
Israel... Israel means prince with God, or he will rule as God.
"Jehu" means Jehovah is He. The blood of Jezreel that was
to be avenged probably had to do with Ahab and Jezebel, who were
severely punished for their evil deeds. This is saying that God will
remove the house of Israel from their kingdom.
In Isaiah,
God named Isaiah's children for what was going on in the country at
the time. This is true here as well. God named these children to
reveal an extra message to the people.
And
it shall come to pass at that day, that I will break the bow of
Israel in the valley of Jezreel. Hos. 1:5
break
the bow... The bow was a common euphemism denoting military strength,
the principal instrument of warfare in Israel. Fulfillment came in
722 B.C. when Assyria invaded.
valley of
Jezreel... Jezreel, called Esdraelon, extends 10 miles in breadth
from the Jordan to the Mediterranean Sea, near Carmel; it was the
great battlefield (see Rev. 16:14-16), adjoining the Valley of
Megiddo, which will become an avenue of blessing (verse 11), when
Christ returns in triumph.
The
bloodshed of Jezreel would “reoccur” in the house of Jehu, and
his dynasty would come to a violent end, just as Ahab’s did. This
happened (in 752 B.C.; 2 Kings 15:10).
This valley
of Jezreel has been the location of many battles. This is the very
same place, where Gideon defeated the Midianites as above. We see in
this Scripture above, that this is to be the location of Israel's
defeat as well. "The breaking of the bow" shows their
helplessness in battle.
God
told Hosea that the demise of Jehu’s dynasty was to be accompanied
by the downfall of the Northern Kingdom. In a display of poetic
justice the Lord would break Israel’s bow in the Valley of Jezreel,
the site of Jehu’s sin. Breaking the bow refers to the destruction
of the nation’s military might (cf. 1Sa. 2:4; Psm. 46:9; Jer.
49:35).
The
general fulfillment of this prophecy came in 734-722 b.c. when the
Assyrians overran Israel and reduced it to a province within their
empire (2Ki. 15:29; 17:3-5). The Jezreel plain in particular was
probably conquered in 733 b.c. by Tiglath-Pileser III. This valley,
which had been the scene of a great military victory under Gideon
(Jdg. 6:33; 7:1-25), again became a symbol of national disgrace and
defeat, as it had been after Saul’s death (1Sa. 29:1, 29:11;
31:1-13).
And
she conceived again, and bare a daughter. And God
said unto him, Call her name Loruhamah: for I will no more have mercy
upon the house of Israel; but I will utterly take them away. Hos. 1:6
And
she conceived...
The 2nd prophecy in Hosea (Hos. 1:6-7, fulfilled). Next, Hos. 1:9.
Five
Predictions—Fulfilled:
1.
I will have mercy on the house of Israel no more (Hos. 1:6).
2.
I will utterly take them away (Hos. 1:6; 2Ki. 17:1-41).
3.
I will have mercy on the house of Judah (Hos. 1:7).
4.
I will save the house of Judah.
5.
I will not save them by carnal means.
Call
her name...
Lo-ruhamah, I will have mercy no more, or I will not have compassion
(Hos. 1:6; cp. Rom. 9:25; 1Pet. 2:10).
no
more have...
This was literally fulfilled. The ten-tribe kingdom was never
restored and never will be, as such, again. God did utterly take them
away and only those who clung to Judah and all the kingdom of David
were restored with them as a nation; the rest were completely
destroyed. God did have mercy on the house of Judah and they were
restored (Hos. 1:7).
Lo-ruhamah...
Literally “not pitied,” this daughter is named to symbolize God
bringing judgment on Israel, no longer extending His favor towards
them.
The "she",
in the verse above, is speaking of Hosea's wife. Perhaps the reason
this child is a female, is to show that not only the males in Israel
are guilty of spiritual adultery and deserve to be punished, but the
females as well. The name "Lo-ruhamah" means not pitied.
This name tells us that God will not pity these evil people,
(Israel). He will let them go into captivity to punish them for their
spiritual adultery (worship of false gods).
But
I will have mercy upon the house of Judah, and will save them by the
LORD their God, and will not save them by bow, nor by sword, nor by
battle, by horses, nor by horsemen. Hos. 1:7
I
will have... God chose to intervene on behalf of Hezekiah when
Jerusalem was besieged at the hands of the Assyrians (in 701 B.C.; 2
Kings Chapter 19; Isaiah Chapter 37).
This is
just saying that Judah will not be overrun by Assyria.
and will
save...They will be spared from this, because they have not been as
unfaithful to God as Israel (10 tribes), has been. They would be
taken captive, but not by Assyria, and not until over 100 years
later. They had a few godly leaders, and Israel did not. They will
not be saved in battle; they will be saved from battle.
and will
not... Judah will not have to depend on weapons to save them. God
will save them. Perhaps this refers to the battle where Sennacherib,
king of Assyria, lost 185,000 men in one night (2 Kings 19:35). The
angel of the Lord killed them. God won the battle for Judah. This was
during the reign of Hezekiah. This is the very same army that had
overrun Israel (10 tribes), and defeated them.
The
light of God’s grace shines through the gloom of impending
judgment. Judah, the Southern Kingdom, in contrast with Israel, would
experience the Lord’s love in the form of deliverance from the
Assyrians. This would not be accomplished through human military
might (symbolized by the bow, sword, etc.), but by the Lord’s
intervention. This promise was fulfilled in 701 b.c. when God
supernaturally annihilated 185,000 soldiers in the powerful Assyrian
army in one night thereby ending its campaign against Judah (2Ki.
19:32-36).
Now
when she had weaned Loruhamah, she conceived, and bare a son. Hos.
1:8
That
is, when Gomer had weaned her daughter (Hosea 1:6).
she
conceived, and... According to Kimchi, as the weaning of Lo-ruhamah
points at the times of weakness, from Zachariah the son of Jeroboam
to the times of Pekahiah, when the reigns were short and troublesome.
So this son she conceived and bore represents the state of the nation
in the times of Pekah; who reigned twenty years, and was too powerful
for the kingdom of Judah, slew multitudes of them, and carried others
captive, and assisted Rezin king of Syria against Ahaz king of Judah.
This period
of time represented by the time she was weaning this baby is showing
God waited for the punishment, to see if they would repent. Mothers
generally nurse their babies about two years, so this was an interval
of about two years. God did not want to punish His people, but He
could not let them continue worshipping false gods.
The
third child, a son, was named Lo-Ammi, which means not My people. In
the ancient covenant formula God declared, “I will walk among you
and be your God, and you will be My people” (Lev. 26:12; cf. Exo.
6:7; Deut. 26:17-18). But now that relationship was to be severed.
Then
said God,
Call his name Loammi: for ye are
not my people, and I will not be your God.
Hos.
1:9
Call
his name... Lo-ammi means “Not My People”, indicating to the
Israel of his day that they were not the Lord’s people, and that
the Lord was not their God. This should in no sense be understood as
an annulment of the Abrahamic covenant (Gen. 12:1-3), an
unconditional covenant depending solely upon God for its fulfillment.
I will
not... Literally “I am no longer ‘I Am’ to you.” The phrase
gives the breaking of the covenant, a kind of divorce formula, in
contrast to the covenant or marriage formula “I AM WHO I AM”
given in Exodus 3:14.
In this,
God had divorced them. He no longer wanted them as His wife. They
were unfaithful. The name "Lo-ammi" means not my people.
Because of their unfaithfulness to be His, He will no longer be their
God. He will not overrule their will and be their God. There is a
lesson in this for us. We must, of our own free will, invite God to
be our God.
The
last clause of Hos. 1:9 (I am not your God) is literally, “and I
[am] not I AM (’ehyeh)
to you.” The statement probably alludes to God’s words to Moses,
“I am (’ehyeh)
who I am (’ehyeh).
This is what you are to say to the Israelites: I AM (’ehyeh)
has sent me to you” (Exo. 3:14). “I AM,” which is closely
related to the divine name Yahweh, points to God as the covenant Lord
of Israel who watches over and delivers His people (cf. Exo.
3:16-17). However, through Lo-Ammi the Lord announced that Israel
would no longer experience His special saving presence.
Yet
the number of the children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea,
which cannot be measured nor numbered; and it shall come to pass,
that
in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are
not my people, there
it shall be said unto them, Ye
are
the sons of the living God. Hos. 1:10
Regardless
of being cut off they would eventually multiply to be great in Christ
when all Israel will be saved (Zech. 12:1-13:1; Rom. 11:25-29) and be
gathered (Hos. 1:11; Isa. 11:10; Eze. 37:1-28) and would again be
called the children of God. That time is yet future; the prediction
will be fully fulfilled at the second coming of Christ (Mat. 24:31).
Yet
the number... A reaffirmation of the Abrahamic Covenant, not to be
fulfilled in this generation but in the future (Gen. 22:17).
Ye are
not... (quoted by Paul in Romans 9:26).
This speaks
of a time, when God will forgive them, and take them back as His
wife. God is faithful to keep every promise He ever made.
shall be
as... He had promised Abraham that his seed would be as the sand of
the sea, and He will do it. The punishment that Israel suffers is to
make them repent and return to God. In Jesus Christ, God makes a way
of restoration for His people. To become sons of God, we must receive
Jesus Christ as our Savior.
John 1:12
"But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become
the sons of God, [even] to them that believe on his name:"
Romans 8:14
"For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons
of God."
Then
shall the children of Judah and the children of Israel be gathered
together, and appoint themselves one head, and they shall come up out
of the land: for great shall
be the day of
Jezreel. Hos. 1:11
Then
shall the...
Then—when Judah and Israel will become sons of the living God, they
will be completely gathered (Hos. 1:10-11).
be
gathered together...
The fact that both kingdoms of Israel were to be gathered proves that
both were to be scattered. At this time neither kingdom had been
defeated or scattered. About 72 to 90 years after this the 10 tribes
were scattered (2Ki. 17:1-41), and 133 years later Judah was
scattered (2 Ki. 23-25). Both were gathered after the 70 years of
Judah in Babylon (that is, Judah was gathered and those of the 10
tribes who desired to return with her) and both made a nation in the
land in the days of Christ. Then in A.D. 70 they were scattered again
(Luke 21:20-24). Now they are both being gathered in part and will
continue in national restoration as a nation until the second coming
of Christ who will gather them fully from all parts of the earth
(Isa. 11:10-12; Eze. 37:1-28; Mat. 24:31).
themselves
one head...
This predicts the reunion of all the tribes of Israel again as one
nation ruled by one king (Eze. 37:1-28). One head (refers to messiah;
compare 3:5).
day of
Jezreel... Here used positively in the sense of divine blessing
(compare 2:22).
This is
looking far into the future, until the time when Jesus is the head of
both. The mention of Jezreel here, is speaking of the same place we
call the valley of Armageddon. This will be the time when Jesus will
reign as King of kings and Lord of lords. This is also, the same
thing spoken of as the two sticks that come together in Ezekiel
chapter 37. The following Scriptures explain it very well.
Romans
11:25-27 "For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant
of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that
blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the
Gentiles be come in." "And so all Israel shall be saved: as
it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall
turn away ungodliness from Jacob:" "For this [is] my
covenant unto them, when I shall take away their sins."