1 Peter Chapter 2 Part One

 

1 Peter Chapter 2 Part One

1 Peter 2:1 "Wherefore laying aside all malice, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil speakings,"



This is actually a continuation of chapter 1. We see that Peter is still giving instructions on how to live the Christian life. We must shed the old self that was worldly, and take on the garment of righteousness provided for us by Jesus.

laying aside all... The Christian’s new life can’t grow unless sins are renounced. When that purging takes place, then the Word does its work, verse 2.

malice, and all... Means badness, depravity, malignity, or trouble. The Greek word for evil is used 11 times in the New Testament to indicate that wickedness which comes from within a person (verse 16; Rom. 1:29; Eph. 4:31; Tit. 3:3).

guile, and hypocrisies... In the verse above, means trick, craft, or deceit. We all know a few hypocrites, and pray that we will not be among their number. They pretend to be believers, but have not really given up their worldly ways.

All of these things, spoken of here, including envies and evil speakings, are ways unbecoming a Christian. Those, who have truly dedicated all of themselves to Christ, will not have these things in their lives.


1 Peter 2:2 "As newborn babes, desire the sincere milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby:"


As newborn babes... We all know that new-born babies get their nourishment from milk. Christians should get their nourishment from the Word of God {Bible}. It should be the desire of our hearts to fellowship with God in His Word each day. A baby cannot live long without milk, and a Christian cannot grow without studying the Word of God.

A Christian develops a desire for the truth of God’s Word by:



1. Remembering his life’s source (1:25; Isa. 55:10-11; John 15:3; Heb. 4:12)

 2. Eliminating sin from his life (verse 1)

 3. Admitting his need for God’s truth (verse 2, “like newborn babies”; (Matt. 4:4

 4. Pursuing spiritual growth, (verse 2, “by it you may grow”

 5. Surveying his blessings (verse 3, “kindness of the Lord”



1 Peter 2:3 "If so be ye have tasted that the Lord [is] gracious."

be ye have... This, again, is speaking of feeding on the Word of God. Just as the milk for the baby is sweet, so is the Word of God. The study of the Word of God will bring peace to your soul. The grace of the Lord is sufficient for me.

tasted that the... At salvation, all believers experience how gracious the Lord is to those who trust Him. That should compel believers to seek more of that grace in pursuing His Word.

Verses 4-8: “Are built up” is the main verb in this section. The choice of the word shows that the building is not haphazard, but is according to an intelligent plan brought to reality by a Master Craftsman, which sets for the fact of our integration into the body of Christ (verse 5). The overall design is “a spiritual house,” which describes the nature of the body of Christ, that is, a house in which God dwells.

The material used to build the house is figuratively presented “as lively” (lively) “stones”. Christ is also described as a “living stone” (literally a worked stone” or “a precious stone that is living”). “Disallowed” by Israel but “acceptable” (Greek eklekton entimon, literally “elect and precious) “to God.”



1 Peter 2:4 "To whom coming, [as unto] a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, [and] precious,"



To whom coming... Coming, in the Greek here means to come with the idea of remaining. Here it means to remain in Christ’s presence with intimate fellowship (John 15:5-15).

a living stone... The ever living Stone is our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. We know that Peter brings this up, because it was the Jews, who rejected Jesus. If we build upon the Rock {Jesus Christ}, we shall not be moved by trials and temptations.

Both a metaphor and a paradox, this phrase from the Old Testament emphasizes that Christ, the “cornerstone” and “stone of stumbling,” is alive from the dead and has a living relationship with saved humanity.

disallowed indeed of… The messianic credentials of Jesus were examined by the false religious leaders of Israel and contemptuously rejected (verses 6-8; Mat. 12:22-24; John 1:10-11).

chosen of God... But Jesus Christ was God’s precious and elect Son, ultimately authenticated through His resurrection from the dead (Psm. 2:10-11; Mat. 3:17; Acts 2:23-24, 32; 4:11-12; 5:30-31; 10:39-41).

It, of course, was not just the Jews that rejected Jesus, but mankind in general. We know that salvation in Jesus is the most precious thing we can receive.



1 Peter 2:5 "Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ."



Ye also, as... Christians are so closely identified and united with Christ that the very life that exists in Christ exists in them also (Gal. 2:20; Col. 3:3-4; 2Pet. 1:4).

lively stones, are... Jesus is the Cornerstone, and we are the building blocks. The word translated lively here, could better have been translated living. He {Jesus} is living, and we are living, as well. Together we build the house. God will tabernacle with men. We are, in a sense, His dwelling place.

built up a... Metaphorically, God is building a spiritual house, putting all believers in place, integrating each one with others, and each one with the life of Christ (Eph. 2:19; Heb. 3:6).

an holy priesthood... Old Testament priests and New Testament believer-priests share a number of characteristics:

1. Priesthood is an elect privilege (Exo. 28:1; John 15:16).

2. Priests are cleansed of sins (Lev. 8:6-36; Tit. 2:14).

3. Priests are clothed for service (5:5; Exo. 28:42; Lev 8:7; Psm. 132:9, 16).

4. Priests are anointed for service (Lev. 8:12, 30; 1Jhn. 2:20, 27).

5. Priests are prepared for service (Lev. 8:33; 9:4; 23; Gal. 1:16; 1Tim. 3:6).

6. Priests are ordained to obedience (verse 4; Lev. 10:1).

7. Priests are to honor the Word of God (verse 2; Mal. 2:7).

8. Priests are to walk with God (Mal. 2:6; Gal. 5:16, 25).

9. Priests are to impact sinners (Mal. 2:6; Gal 6:1).

10. Priests are messengers of God (Mal. 2:7; Matt. 28:19-20).

The main privilege of a priest, however, is access to God.

to offer up... Spiritual sacrifices mean God-honoring works done because of Christ under the direction of the Holy Spirit and the guidance of the Word of God. These would include:

1. Offering the strength of one’s body to God (Rom 12:1-2).

2. Praising God (Heb. 13:15).

3. Doing good (Heb. 13:16).

4. Sharing one’s resources (Heb. 13:16).

5. Bringing people to Christ (Rom. 15:16)

6. Sacrificing one’s desires for the good of others (Eph. 5:2).

7. Praying (Rev. 8:3).

There is no more physical sacrifice. Jesus fulfilled all of the sacrifice for us. This is speaking of the spiritual, and not the physical sacrifice. This is not a sacrifice of obligation. It is a sacrifice of love.

Jesus is the High Priest, and all believers in Christ are priests unto God. The sacrifice that we offer up unto God is praise.

Verses 6-8: Three Old Testament passages employing the “stone” metaphor are used by Peter to show that Christ’s position as chief cornerstone of the new spiritual house was foreordained by God. That same stone is also going to be the stumbling stone that brings down the unbelieving in judgment (Matt. 21:42, 44).



1 Peter 2:6 "Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded."



Behold, I lay... You can see from the following Scripture that Sion is Zion, which is symbolic of the church and figurative is in the realm of the New Covenant as Sinai is the realm of the Old Covenant.

Isaiah 28:16 "Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner [stone], a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste."

chief corner stone... This is speaking of Jesus as Cornerstone and all believers in Christ who make up the church.

not be confounded... In the verse above, means that these Christians will not be confused about what they believe. They will be established in Jesus.


1 Peter 2:7 "Unto you therefore which believe [he is] precious: but unto them which be disobedient, the stone which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of the corner,"


Unto you therefore... Jesus is the cornerstone that keeps the church together. There is nothing more precious than knowing you are saved.

He is precious... To know beyond a shadow of doubt that you will spend eternity with Him, is precious indeed.

but unto them... To not believe causes you to be left out. But those who have rejected Christ, the Stone (Peter’s second quotation is from Psm. 118:22) stumble because of their disobedience. This happened to the chief priests and Pharisees Jesus referred to when He quoted Psm. 118:22 (Mat. 21:42; cf. 21:43-46).


1 Peter 2:8 "And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, [even to them] which stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed."

a stone of... Quoted from Isa. 8:14. To every human being, Christ is either the means of salvation if they believe or the means of judgment if they reject the gospel. He is like a stone in the road that causes a traveler to fall.

a rock of... The same Stone that the Christian leans upon for strength is the same stone that those who reject Him stumble over and fall. The verse above seems to indicate, that even some who profess to know Jesus become disobedient and fall on the Stone.

which stumble at... To stumble at the Word, means they do not have an understanding of the Word. Unbelief is their disobedience, since the call of the gospel to repent and believe is a command from God.

also they were... These were not appointed by God to disobedience and unbelief. Rather, these were appointed to doom because of their disobedience and unbelief. Judgment on unbelief is as divinely appointed as salvation by faith.

The Holy Spirit of God teaches us the meaning of the Scriptures. If we do not receive help from the Spirit, we will not understand fully the Word. It seems God had appointed them to be part of His spiritual house, but through disobedience, they have missed the mark of being lively stones for Christ.

Verses 9-10: The priesthood of the believer and his unique relationship to God are described by the terms “a chosen generation … a royal priesthood … a holy nation. Thus, the New Testament church stands in a unique relationship to God as did Old Testament Israel.


1 Peter 2:9 "But ye [are] a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light:"



a chosen generation... Peter uses Old Testament concepts to emphasize the privileges of New Testament Christians (Deut. 7:6-8). In strong contrast to the disobedient who are appointed by God to wrath, verse 8, Christians are chosen by God to salvation (1:2).

a royal priesthood... Priesthood of Believers – Every believer has the privilege and responsibility of direct access to God. In the Old Testament the family of Aaron was designated as a priesthood to God. In the New Testament that priesthood becomes the birthright of every Christian. Like their Old Testament counterparts, believer-priests have the privilege of access to God.

The concept of a kingly priesthood is drawn from Exo. 19:6. Israel temporarily forfeited this privilege because of its apostasy and because its wicked leaders executed the Messiah. At the present time, the church is a royal priesthood united with the royal priest, Jesus Christ.

A royal priesthood is not only a priesthood that belongs to and serves the king, but is also a priesthood which exercises rule. This will ultimately be fulfilled in Christ’s future kingdom (1 Cor. 6:1-4; Rev. 5:10; 20:6).

With privilege comes a twofold responsibility – sacrifice and intercessory prayer. The sacrifices of the believer are his body (Rom. 12:1-2), his praise to God (Heb. 13:15), his substance (Rom. 12:13), and his service (Heb. 13:6). The Christian ought also to pray on behalf of others (Col. 4:12).

should shew forth... Not only are New Testament believers a “chosen generation” and a “royal priesthood” to show forth His praises now, but they will continue to hold these “offices” in the everlasting future as well (Ephesians 1:6, 12, 14; Revelation 1:6; 5:10).

This is one of the most encouraging Scriptures in all of the Bible. God has chosen us to become His sons. This generation of people upon whom the end has come, are chosen of God to be priests unto Him. We are His family. Jesus is High Priest, and we are priests.

Christians are this holy nation. We are a peculiar people as far as the world is concerned. We are separated unto God. The marvelous Light is Jesus.

Before we come to Christ, we are walking in darkness. When Jesus takes up habitation inside of us, we are filled with His Light. He is the Light of the world. When we are filled with Jesus, we have all Light dwelling within us.



1 Peter 2:10 "Which in time past [were] not a people, but [are] now the people of God: which had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy."



in time past... All Gentiles were thought of as dogs by the Jewish people, before Christ came and made them a people. This, then, is speaking of Gentiles who have become Christians. The law was not given to Gentiles.

not a people... They were not considered God's people. Jesus Christ is available to all mankind. His mercy, not only endures forever, but endures to all mankind.

the people of... The ideas of this verse come from Hos. 1:6-10; 2:23; Rom. 9:23-26 where the reference is explicitly to the calling of a people made up of Jews and Gentiles.

now have obtained... God generally has temporal mercy and the compassion of common grace on His creation as a whole (Psm. 145:9; Lam. 3:22). Paul made reference to this when he said that God is the “Savior of all men”. But God has eternal mercy on His elect church by forgiving their sins and eliminating their judgment (Rom. 9:15; Tit. 3:5).

In the Old Testament, the prophet Hosea promised that Israel, though remaining outside of God’s blessings for a long period of time, would eventually come under God’s mercy. God’s dealing with Israel was somewhat of a pattern for His dealings with the believers under the New Covenant, who previously were outside God’s covenant, but have been brought under the mercy of God by faith in Christ (Eph. 2:4-13).



1 Peter 2:11 "Dearly beloved, I beseech [you] as strangers and pilgrims, abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul;"



as strangers and... In this section, Peter called his readers to a righteous life in a hostile world. Christians are strangers in a secular society because their citizenship is in heaven. There are 3 perspectives from which Christians can look at their obligation;

1. Strangers (verses 11-12)

2. Citizens (verses 13-17)

3. Servants (verses 18-20)

In verses 18-25, Peter shows how Christ set the example by living a perfect life in the midst of His hostile environment.

Strangers in the verse above, is speaking of people who are not native to the land. He is probably speaking to Jews about the Gentile believers in this instance.

abstain from fleshly... Perhaps more literally “hold yourself away from fleshly lusts.” In order to have an impact on the world for God, Christians must be disciplined in an inward and private way by avoiding the desires of the fallen nature (Gal. 5:19-21), where “fleshly lusts” include much more than sexual temptations).

which war against... “War”, i.e. to carry on a military campaign. Fleshly lusts are personified as if they were an army of rebels or guerrillas who incessantly search out and try to destroy the Christians’ joy, peace and usefulness (4:2-3).

The warfare a Christian is in is between the spirit and the flesh.

Gal. 5:17 "For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that ye cannot do the things that ye would."

Gal. 5:16 "[This] I say then, Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfil the lust of the flesh."



1 Peter 2:12 Having your conversation honest among the Gentiles: that, whereas they speak against you as evildoers, they may by [your] good works, which they shall behold, glorify God in the day of visitation.



your conversation honest... This is rich in meaning and implies the purest, highest, noblest kind of goodness. It means “lovely”, “winsome,” “gracious,” “noble,” and “honorable.” Having been disciplined in the inward and private side, the Christian must outwardly live among non-Christians in a way which reflects that inward discipline.

as evildoers, they... The early Christians were falsely accused of rebellion against the government with such false accusation as” terrorism (burning Rome), atheism (no idols or emperor worship), cannibalism (rumors about the Lord’s supper), immorality (because of their love for one another), damaging trade and social progress, and leading slaves into insurrection (Acts 16:18-21; 19:19, 24-27).

We see from this verse, that he is speaking definitely to the Jews about the Gentile believers. The Jews who are Christians should set an example for the Gentile believers since they were familiar with the law of God and had more background in serving God than the Gentiles had.

Peter is telling them to live good wholesome lives with good works following, so that the Gentiles could see their good work and praise God for their works. There seemed to be a little feuding between the Gentile believers and the Jewish believers. Peter was trying to make them realize how important it was to get along with each other.

day of visitation... A common phrase in the Old Testament (Isa. 10:3; Jer. 27:22) warning of God’s “visitation,” His drawing near to people or nations in either judgment or blessing. In the New Testament “visitation” speaks of redemption (Luke 1:68; 7:16, 19:44).

Peter was teaching that when the grace of God visits the heart of an unbeliever, he will respond with saving faith and glorify God because he remembers the testimony of believers he had observed. Those who don’t believe will experience the visitation of His wrath in the final judgment.

Hebrews Chapter 7 Part 2

 

Hebrews Chapter 7 Part 2

Jesus Compared to Melchizedek

And it is yet far more evident: for that after the similitude of Melchisedec there ariseth another priest, Heb 7:15

And it is... It is more abundantly manifest (Greek: katadelos, very plain) that God designed the Levitical priesthood to be changed, because of the oath in Psm. 110:1-7 which declares the Messiah should be a priest after the order of Melchizedek who was not only a priest but also a prophet and a king (Heb. 7:1-10). None of the Levitical priests exercised a double or a triple office, as was manifest in Jesus Christ.

there ariseth another...Because He is the eternal Second Person of the God-head, Christ’s priesthood cannot end. He obtained His priesthood, not by virtue of the law, but by virtue of His deity.

Revelation 1:18 “I [am] he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death.”

A further proof (and what we have said is even more clear) is found in the consideration that the new Priest has an indestructible (akatalytou) life. Psm. 110:4 was here quoted again to show that such an unending life is an inherent part of the order of Melchizedek. (The author probably had this text in mind when he made the statement about Melchizedek in Heb. 7:8.)

Who is made, not after the law of a carnal commandment, but after the power of an endless life. Heb 7:16

of a carnal... Greek: sarkines (see, Rom. 7:14). The word carnal does not always mean sinful or corrupt, but sometimes feeble, frail, or human. The idea here is that Christ was not appointed a priest after the order of Aaron wherein weak and perishing men must succeed each other, but He was made a High Priest after another order—after the power of immortality or endless life (Heb. 7:16-17).

The law dealt only with the temporal existence of Israel. The forgiveness which could be obtained even on the Day of Atonement was temporary. Those who ministered as priests under the law were mortals receiving their office by heredity. The Levitical system was dominated by matters of physical existence and transitory ceremonial-ism.

Thus the new Priest does not hold His office on the basis of a regulation as to His ancestry. This rendering freely translates the original which is more nearly represented by the words “not after the Law of a carnal commandment.” The writer seems to mean that the Law which regulated the priestly institution and succession was “carnal” or “fleshly,” not in the sense of being evil, but in the sense that it pertained to people of flesh who died.

For he testifieth, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec.

Heb 7:17

Thou art a... The 17th Old Testament prophecy in Hebrews (Heb. 7:17; Psm. 110:4). Next, Heb. 7:21.

But this former regulation has been replaced because of its inherent weakness and uselessness. What has replaced it is the new priesthood which constitutes a better hope… by which we draw near to God.

Romans Chapter 14 Vs. 16

 

Do Not Cause Another to Stumble

Let not then your good be evil spoken of: Rom 14:16

The stronger brother might destroy his testimony. The stronger brother says his liberty comes from God, but the weaker brother says it comes from Satan. True spirituality is not shown in the manifestation of liberty, but in the manifestation of the Spirit.

Let not then... True liberty may be shown by refraining from the exercise of one’s liberty. The stronger brother might disrupt the peace of the body, so he should forego his liberty in the interest of peace in the assembly.

How should a Christian whose convictions allow him to eat everything respond to one with scruples against certain foods? In Christian love he ought to forgo his liberty in Christ to avoid being a spiritual hindrance to his spiritual brother. If he persists in exercising his liberty so that his brother is distressed (lypeitai, “grieved, hurt”), Paul concluded, then the Christian exercising his liberty is no longer acting (lit., “walking”) in love. Such persistence could cause the spiritual destruction of a brother for whom Christ died. Destroy renders the word apollye, which often means eternal ruin. Here it may mean temporal ruin; a Christian forced to act contrary to his scruples, even though more strict than necessary, may find himself ruined by his wounded conscience (cf. 1Cor. 8:10-12). Persisting in one’s freedom could also result in his Christian liberty (what you consider good) being blasphemed (spoken of as evil, blasphēmeisthō).

Ezekiel Chapter 41 Vs. 7

 The Inner Temple

And there was an enlarging, and a winding about still upward to the side chambers: for the winding about of the house went still upward round about the house: therefore the breadth of the house was still upward, and so increased from the lowest chamber to the highest by the midst. Eze 41:7

was an enlarging... The wall for the side chambers or rooms had the full thickness of 5 cubits (8 feet 9 inches) for the ground story; but this was diminished 1 cubit (21 inches) to form a ledge on which to rest the beams of the second story; and then further diminished a cubit for the floor of the third story. Thus there was an enlarging of the second story of the chambers by 1 cubit, and an enlarging of the third story by 2 cubits beyond the breadth of the ground floor. This made more room for the galleries on the upper floors (Eze. 41:15-16; 42:3-5).

We see there are several floors. In the chambers, the first floor was very small, as we saw in the previous verse. The second floor was bigger than the first, and the third floor was bigger than the second. There were probably, three floors in these chambers.

Surrounding the temple were three levels of side rooms… one above another, 30 on each level.

Romans Chapter 14 Vs. 15

 

Do Not Cause Another to Stumble

But if thy brother be grieved with thy meat, now walkest thou not charitably. Destroy not him with thy meat, for whom Christ died. Rom 14:15

brother be grieved... Paul tells just how important it is not to lead our weak brothers and sisters astray.

Destroy not him... This proves that a brother can be destroyed by another Christian. If not, this is all very needless language.

1Cor. 8:11-12 “And through thy knowledge shall the weak brother perish, for whom Christ died?” “But when ye sin so against the brethren, and wound their weak conscience, ye sin against Christ.”

1Cor. 8:13: “Wherefore, if meat make my brother to offend, I will eat no flesh while the world standeth, lest I make my brother to offend.”

This is some very good advice from Paul. We must not let our liberty in the Lord cause us to encourage someone else to go against their conscience.

Love will ensure that the strong Christian is sensitive and understanding of his brother’s weaknesses.

How should a Christian whose convictions allow him to eat everything respond to one with scruples against certain foods? In Christian love he ought to forgo his liberty in Christ to avoid being a spiritual hindrance to his spiritual brother. If he persists in exercising his liberty so that his brother is distressed (lypeitai, “grieved, hurt”), Paul concluded, then the Christian exercising his liberty is no longer acting (lit., “walking”) in love. Such persistence could cause the spiritual destruction of a brother for whom Christ died. Destroy renders the word apollye, which often means eternal ruin. Here it may mean temporal ruin; a Christian forced to act contrary to his scruples, even though more strict than necessary, may find himself ruined by his wounded conscience (cf. 1Cor. 8:10-12). Persisting in one’s freedom could also result in his Christian liberty (what you consider good) being blasphemed (spoken of as evil, blasphēmeisthō).

Such things should not happen. After all, food is not that important an issue (1Cor. 8:8); it is not the sum and substance of the kingdom of God. But… righteousness (upright living), peace (cf. Rom. 12:16, 12:18; 14:19) and joy in (the sphere of) the Holy Spirit (cf. Rom. 15:13) are essentials of Christian fellowship and harmony.

Ezekiel Chapter 41 Vs. 6

 The Inner Temple

And the side chambers were three, one over another, and thirty in order; and they entered into the wall which was of the house for the side chambers round about, that they might have hold, but they had not hold in the wall of the house. Eze 41:6

not hold in... It seems that the rooms were not built against the temple walls but against other walls facing them.

There seemed to be 30 of these chambers which were 6 feet wide at the lowest level.

Surrounding the temple were three levels of side rooms… one above another, 30 on each level.

Romans Chapter 14 Vs. 14

 

Do Not Cause Another to Stumble

I know, and am persuaded by the Lord Jesus, that there is nothing unclean of itself: but to him that esteemeth any thing to be unclean, to him it is unclean. Rom 14:14

We see here another illustration of the sin taking place in the heart and conscience. If we believe something to be sin and go ahead and do it anyway, then regardless of what it is, it is sin to us.

Tit. 1:15 “Unto the pure all things [are] pure: but unto them that are defiled and unbelieving [is] nothing pure; but even their mind and conscience is defiled.”

Again, this is a very good example that the sin takes place when we do something although feeling in our heart that it is displeasing to God. God judges the thoughts and intents of the heart.

Heb. 4:12 “For the word of God [is] quick, and powerful, and sharper than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and [is] a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart.”

to be unclean... The Greek word originally meant “common” but came to mean “impure” or “evil”. If a believer is convinced a certain behavior is sin, even if his assessment is wrong, he should never do it. If he does, he will violate his conscience, experience guilt and perhaps be driven back into deeper legalism instead of moving toward freedom.

Returning to the subject of food (Rom. 14:2-3, 14:6), Paul expressed his own conviction (cf. Rom. 14:5) as a Christian that no food (lit., “nothing”) is unclean (koinon, “common”) in itself (cf. Acts 10:15; Rom. 14:20; 1Cor. 8:8). The problem, however, is that not all Christians — especially some from a Jewish heritage — shared Paul’s conviction. Therefore Paul properly concluded, But if anyone regards (lit., “but to the one reckoning”) something as unclean (“common”), then for him it is unclean (cf. Tit. 1:15). But if someone persisted in holding that conviction, he could bring harm to others. That is the point Paul made next (Rom. 14:15-18).