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Friday, October 18, 2024

Book of 1 John Chapter 4 Vs. 6

 Test the Spirits


1 John 4:6 "We are of God: he that knoweth God heareth us; he that is not of God heareth not us. Hereby know we the spirit of truth, and the spirit of error."


he that knoweth (ὁ γινώσκων)

Lit., the one knowing: he who is habitually and ever more clearly perceiving and recognizing God as his Christian life unfolds. The knowledge is regarded as progressive and not complete. Compare Phlp. 3:12, and He who is calling ὁ καλῶν, 1Thes. 5:24 also ὁ ἀγαπῶν he that loves (1Jhn. 4:7).

Hereby know we... The Holy Spirit is the Spirit of truth (John 14:16-17; 15:26; 16:13) and the spirit of error is Satan (2Cor. 4:4; 11:14-15; Mat. 13:19; 1Tim. 4:1-2). The Old Testament and New Testament are the sole standards by which all teaching is to be tested. In contrast, demonically inspired teachers either reject the teaching of God's word or all elements to it (2 Cor. 4:2; Rev. 22:18-19).

Hereby (ἐκ τούτου)

Not the same as the common ἐν τούτῳ (1Jhn. 4:2). It occurs only here in the Epistle. Ἑν τούτῳ is in this: ἐκ τούτου from this. The former marks the residing or consisting of the essence or truth of a thing in something the apprehension of which conveys to us the essential nature of the thing itself. The latter marks the inference or deduction of the truth from something, as contrasted with its immediate perception in that something. Rev., by this.

the spirit of error (τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης)

The phrase occurs nowhere else in the New Testament. Compare πνεύμασι πλάνοις misleading spirits, 1Tim. 4:1.


Christians will receive this message that John and the other true apostles are bringing. Christians have ears to hear, and they hear.

We should take as our guideline that whoever knows God listens to us; whoever is not from God doesn't listen to us; like Yochanan, we can be satisfied with that.

The pronouns which begin 1Jhn. 4:4-6 You… They, and We are emphatic in the original and evidently mark off three groups: the readers, the antichrists, and the apostles. Each one who can be described as from God i.e., actuated and influenced by God and thus knows God listens to the apostolic voice. In the history of the church, apostolic doctrine has always been the means by which the Holy Spirit of truth and the spirit of falsehood can be effectively distinguished. True Christianity is apostolic Christianity.

Book of Jeremiah Chapter 50 Vs. 2

 Judgment on Babylon


Jer 50:2 Declare ye among the nations, and publish, and set up a standard; publish, and conceal not: say, Babylon is taken, Bel is confounded, Merodach is broken in pieces; her idols are confounded, her images are broken in pieces.


Declare...

נָגַד

nāg̱aḏ

A verb meaning to tell, to report, to make known, to explain, to be reported. The root idea of the word and the causative form in which it is used is to declare something. The manner and context in which this is done creates the various shades of meaning of the verb. Its simplest use is to announce, to report, to share. Samuel, when a child, was afraid to report the vision he had to Eli (1Sam. 3:15, 3:18; 1Kgs. 1:23). In some cases, it means to solve or explain, to make known. God asked Adam who had made him know he was naked (Gen. 3:11; 12:18); it indicated the resolution of a riddle (Jdg. 14:12, Jdg. 14:15); or dream (Job 11:6; Dan. 2:2). Close to this is its meaning to share with or to inform someone of something, to speak out. People were responsible to speak out when they knew something relevant to a case (Lev. 5:1; Jos. 2:14; Prov. 29:24). It is used to proclaim or announce something, often proclaiming the character and attributes of the Lord. The psalmist proclaimed the great deeds of the Lord (Psm. 9:11,12); the posterity of the righteous psalmist would declare God's righteousness (Psm. 22:3,32); the Lord's love was regularly proclaimed (Psm. 92:2,3). The participle of the verb may indicate a messenger (Jer. 51:31).

The passive use of the verb means to be told, to be announced. If an Israelite turned and followed false gods, this act of rebellion was to be brought to the attention of the leaders (Deut. 17:4); anything that needed to be reported could be covered by this verb (Jdg. 9:25; 2Sam. 10:17). The Queen of Sheba used this verb when she declared that not even half the splendor of Solomon's wisdom and wealth had been told her (1Kgs. 10:7; Isa. 21:2).

ye among the nations...

גּוֹי

gôy, גּוֹיִם

gôyim, הַגּוֹיִם

hāggôyim

A masculine noun meaning nation, people, Gentiles, country. The word is used to indicate a nation or nations in various contexts and settings: it especially indicates the offspring of Abraham that God made into a nation (Gen. 12:2) and thereby set the stage for Israel's appearance in history as a nation (Gen. 18:18; Psm. 106:5). Israel was to be a holy nation (Exo. 19:6). Even the descendants of Abraham that did not come from the seed of Isaac would develop into nations (Gen. 21:13). God can create a nation, even a holy nation like Israel, through the descendants of the person whom He chooses, as He nearly does in the case of Moses when Israel rebels (Exo. 32:10). Edom refers to Israel and Judah as two separate nations (Eze. 35:10), but God planned for them to be united forever into one nation (Eze. 37:22). Then they would become the head of the nations (Deut. 28:12). In this overall literary, theological, and historical context, it is clear that Israel would share common ancestors and would have a sufficient increase in numbers to be considered a nation. It would have a common place of habitation and a common origin, not only in flesh and blood, but in their religious heritage. It would share a common history, culture, society, religious worship, and purposes for the present and the future.

This noun is used to mean nations other than Israel as well; pagan, Gentile, or heathen nations (Exo. 9:24; 34:10; Eze. 5:6-8), for all the earth and all the nations belong to God (cf. Exo. 19:5). Israel was to keep herself from the false religions, unclean practices, and views of these nations (Ezra 6:21). In the plural, the noun may indicate the generic humankind (Isa. 42:6). In a few instances, the word refers to a group of people rather than to a nation (2Kgs. 6:18; Psm. 43:1; Isa. 26:2), although the exact translation is difficult in these cases.

The word is used in a figurative sense to refer to animals or insects, such as in Joel 1:6 where it depicts locusts.

and publish...

שָׁמַע

šāma‛

A verb meaning to hear, to obey, to listen, to be heard of, to be regarded, to cause to hear, to proclaim, to sound aloud. The verb basically means to hear and in context expresses various connotations of this. The most famous use of this word is to introduce the Shema, Hear, O, Israel, followed by the content of what the Israelites are to understand about the Lord their God and how they are to respond to Him (Deut. 6:4). In a parallel usage, the heavens are commanded to Hear, Oh heavens! to the prophet's message about Israel (Isa. 1:2). The word calls attention to hear various things: It means to hear another person speaking (Gen. 27:6); the Lord's voice (Gen. 3:10); or anything that can be perceived by the ear. Used with or without the preposition ’el following, the word means to listen to someone. The house of Israel was not willing to listen to Ezekiel (Eze. 3:7); the Lord was not willing to listen to the beautiful worship services of God's people, for they were not following justice (Gen. 27:5; Amos 5:23).

The word takes on the connotation of obedience in certain contexts and with certain Hebrew constructions: It can mean to heed a request or command, such as Abraham's request concerning Ishmael (Gen. 17:20). The Lord listened to Hagar's prayer and gave her a son (Gen. 16:11; 30:6). It means to obey in certain contexts (Gen. 3:17; 22:18; Exo. 24:7; 2Kgs. 14:11).

The word is used to connote the idea of understanding. God confused the speech of the people at the Tower of Babel so they could not understand each other (Gen. 11:7; Isa. 33:19). Solomon wanted a heart of discernment and understanding hearing to govern his people (Deut. 1:16; 1Kgs. 3:9); to be able to decide between good and evil (2Sam. 14:17).

In the passive stem, the word means to be heard. Pharaoh heard the news that Joseph's brothers had arrived in Egypt (Gen. 45:16). No sound of a tool was heard as the Temple was being built (Deut. 4:32; 1Kgs. 6:7). It also meant to be obedient to King David (2Sam. 22:45); or to make hear, to call, or to summon as when Saul summoned his soldiers (1Sam. 15:4; 23:8).

The word is used often in the causative stem to mean to cause to listen, to proclaim, to announce. When Israel assembled at Mount Horeb Sinai, the Lord caused them to hear His words (Deut. 4:10; Jos. 6:10). It also means to proclaim, to summon; Isaiah spoke of those who proclaim peace (1Kgs. 15:22; Isa. 52:7); and the psalmist proclaimed the praise of the Lord (Psm. 26:7).

and set up...

נָשָׂא

nāśā’

A verb meaning to lift, to carry, to take away. This verb is used almost six hundred times in the Hebrew Bible and covers three distinct semantic ranges. The first range is to lift, which occurs in both literal (Gen. 7:17; 29:1; Eze. 10:16) and figurative statements: to lift the hand in taking an oath (Deut. 32:40); in combat (2Sam. 18:28); as a sign (Isa. 49:22); in retribution (Psm. 10:12). Other figurative statements include the lifting of the head (Gen. 40:13); the face (2Sam. 2:22); the eyes (Gen. 13:10); the voice (1Sam. 30:4). It is also important to note that a person can take up or induce iniquity by a number of actions (Exo. 28:43; Lev. 19:17; 22:9; Num. 18:32). The second semantic category is to bear or to carry and is used especially in reference to the bearing of guilt or punishment of sin (Gen. 4:13; Lev. 5:1). This flows easily then into the concept of the representative or substitutionary bearing of one person's guilt by another (Lev. 10:17; 16:22). The final category is to take away. It can be used in the simple sense of taking something (Gen. 27:3); to take a wife or to get married (Ruth 1:4); to take away guilt or to forgive (Gen. 50:17); to take away or to destroy (Job 32:22).

a standard...

נֵס

nēs

A masculine noun indicating a banner, a standard. It refers to a symbol or sign representing a cause, a person, God: a standard, a representation of the Lord (Exo. 17:15); and the name of an altar dedicated to the Lord. It indicates a pole on which to display something (Num. 21:8-9). It signifies a sign representing Zion (Isa. 31:9; Jer. 4:6); or a tragedy that could serve as a nēs, a warning or a sign (Num. 26:10). It indicates a flag or a symbol to rally around (Exo. 17:15; Isa. 18:3). The Root of Jesse will stand as an ensign, a signal for the people (Isa. 11:10).

and conceal...

כָּחַד

kāḥaḏ

A verb meaning to hide, to conceal, to cut off, to destroy. It has the basic idea of hiding or destroying by various measures: by cutting off or destroying Pharaoh and his people in plagues (Exo. 9:15); or by the Lord's destroying angel (Exo. 23:23). It has the meaning to make something disappear, to destroy or to efface it, such as the dynasty of Jeroboam (1Kgs. 13:34). It has the sense of hiding or not revealing something in Job 20:12 (Psm. 139:15; Hos. 5:3). In other contexts, it means for something to be hidden (2Sam. 18:13; Psm. 69:5,6); or kept hidden (Gen. 47:18; 1Sam. 3:17-18; Psm. 78:4). It is used of persons being effaced, destroyed (Zec, 11:8-9, 11:16) by the Lord, or even scattered.

Not: …

אַל

al

An adverb meaning no, not, without; a basic adverb of negation. It is used consistently with the imperfect form of the verb to render a negative imperative or prohibition (Gen. 15:1; 22:12; 37:27; Psm. 25:2; Jer. 18:18). With the regular imperative, it expresses purpose, such as, that we may not die (1Sam. 12:19). In poetic sections, it may express the poet's strong emotions (Job 5:22; Psm. 41:2,3; Prov. 3:25; Isa. 2:9). It is also used without a verb to express simple negation in an imperative mode, as in ’al-ṭal, let there be no dew (2Sam. 1:21). It can have the meaning of there is no (Prov. 12:28), i.e., there is no death. It can also function as a noun + le meaning something comes to naught, nothing (Job 24:25). Coupled with the particle nā’, it means please do not or therefore, do not (Gen. 18:3).

say, …

אָמַר

āmar

A verb meaning to say. It is translated in various ways depending on the context. It is almost always followed by a quotation. In addition to vocal speech, the word refers to thought as internal speech (2Sam. 13:32; Est. 6:6). Further, it also refers to what is being communicated by a person's actions along with his words (Exo. 2:14; 2Chr. 28:13).

Babylon...

בָּבֶל

bāḇel

A proper noun designating Babel or Babylon, a name meaning confession and the name of the foreign power most often mentioned in the Old Testament, Babylon. Its beginnings go back to Nimrod, a mighty warrior and hunter but also a founder of cities and city-states (Gen. 10:8-12). At Babel the languages of the world became mixed and separated (Gen. 11:9), and there great towers ziggurats were built to approach the gods as humankind deemed necessary. God stopped the building of these towers of hubris (Gen. 11:5-8), where humankind tried to gather together as one (Gen. 11:1-2). It was a part of the Assyrian Empire for a while (2Kgs. 17:24, 17:30). The neo-Babylonian Empire, founded by Nabopolassar (626 B.C.) is often mentioned in the prophets (Isa. Jer., Eze., Dan., Mic., Zech.). Its greatest king, Nebuchadnezzar, ruled nearly 43 years and is the topic of much of the Book of Daniel (Dan. 1:1; 2, 3, 4). The Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Jerusalem and took Judah into exile in 587/6 B.C. (2Kgs. 25:1-28; Jer. 52:3-34). Isaiah the prophet especially denounced the idolatry of Babylon (Isa 40-66). Israel was exiled in 587/6 to Babylon for seventy years in fulfillment of both the prophet Moses' and Jeremiah's prophecies (Deut. 28; Jer. 25:1-14). They returned in 538 B.C. under Cyrus, king of Persia (2Chr. 36:20-23; Ezra 1:1-3; Zech. 2:7;11).

is taken...

לָכַד

lāḵaḏ

A verb meaning to capture, to seize. It indicates taking possession of, capturing, or catching various things: a city (Num. 21:32); a land (Jos. 10:42); captives of all social ranks in war (Jdg. 7:25; 2Sam. 8:4); foxes (Jdg. 15:4); a river ford in the sense of seizing and occupying it (Jdg. 3:28); as well as the waters of a river (Jdg. 7:24-25). It has the sense of the Lord choosing or picking something (Jos. 7:14-18); or seizing control of the government reins of a kingdom (1Sam. 14:47), often by force (Dan. 11:15, 11:18). It is used figuratively in metaphors: of a sinner being seized in the snares of a wicked woman (Ecc. 7:26); of persons ensnared by the words of their own mouths (Prov. 6:2). It is used to indicate the seizing of water as it turns to ice and hardens (Job 38:30); of being seized by cords of affliction (Job 36:8). It is used of one thing interlocking with another (Job 41:17;9).

Bel is confounded... The word Bel is a contraction of the Aramaic form—Ba‛al. This was the name of the national god of Babylon (Jer. 51:44; Isa. 46:1).

bel...

בֵּל

bēl

A masculine proper noun meaning Bel. It designates a Babylonian god whose name means lord (Isa. 46:1; Jer. 50:2; 51:44). The Lord is bringing swift judgment on this false pagan god.

is confounded...

יָבַ

yāḇaš, יָבֵ

yāḇēš

A verb meaning to be dried up, to be dry, to be withered. This common intransitive verb refers to the drying up and withering of plants, trees, grass, crops, and the earth itself after the flood (Gen. 8:14). It also occurs with a intensive and causative sense meaning to dry, to wither. Yahweh dried the waters, particularly the sea (Jos. 2:10; Psm. 74:15; Isa. 42:15; Jer. 51:36; Nah. 1:4). It is used figuratively to denote God destroying Babylon (Eze. 17:24).

Merodach is broken... Merodach—another national god of Babylon. These idols—Bel and Merodach—were to be broken together.

Merodach...

מְרֹדָ

merōḏāḵ

A masculine proper noun. It is the name of the chief Babylonian god, Merodach. In more recent translations, it is rendered as Marduk (Jer. 50:2).

is broken in pieces...

חַת

ḥaṯ

I. A masculine noun denoting fear, filled with terror. It describes extreme dread and fear the animals have of humans after the flood (Gen. 9:2). This emotion is unknown to Job's Leviathan (Job 41:33;25).

II. An adjective identifying something as broken, dismayed, terrified. It refers to bows of the mighty as broken ḥattîm (1Sam. 2:4) or to warriors of Egypt who are terrified (Jer. 46:5), causing them to hesitate in fear or draw back.

her idols...

עָצָב

āṣāḇ

A masculine noun used to identify an idol. This term always appears in the plural. It is derived from the second meaning of the verb ‛āṣaḇ , meaning to form or fashion, and thereby highlights the fact that these idols gods were formed by human hands. This term can allude to idols in general (Hos. 4:17); idols of silver (Hos. 13:2); or idols of gold and silver (Hos. 8:4). It appears in parallel with massēḵāh, meaning a molten image (Hos. 13:2); and gillûl, meaning idols (Jer. 50:2).

her images...

גִּלּוּל

gillûl

A masculine noun meaning idols. The Hebrew word is always found in the plural form. The term is used thirty-eight times in Ezekiel and nine times in the rest of the Old Testament. The people are told to destroy, abandon, and remove their idols. Deut. 29:17,16 implies idols can be made of wood, stone, silver, or gold. Ezekiel longs for a day when Israel will no longer worship idols (Eze. 37:23).

are broken to pieces...

חָתַת

ḥāṯaṯ

A verb meaning to be shattered, to be dismayed, to dismay, to shatter, to scare. The base meaning is probably breaking or shattering like a bow (Jer. 51:56); or of the drought-cracked ground (Jer. 14:4). Figuratively, it refers to nations shattered by God (Isa. 7:8). It is also used with a intensive and causative meaning to scare, to terrify, or to dismay (Isa. 30:31). Job said that God terrified him with dreams (Job 7:14). God's name can also cause dismay (Mal. 2:5) where it is parallel to the word yārē’.

She would be captured and her protecting god Bel (cf. Jer. 51:44; Isa. 46:1; the storm god Enlil), also known as Marduk, the chief deity of Babylon, would, figuratively speaking, be put to shame (cf. Jer. 46:24) and filled with terror because of his inability to protect her.

Saturday, October 5, 2024

Book of Jeremiah Chapter 50 Vs. 1

 

Judgment on Babylon


Jer 50:1 The word that the LORD spake against Babylon and against the land of the Chaldeans by Jeremiah the prophet.



The word... The 90th and last prophecy in Jeremiah (Jeremiah 50:1-51:64. Jer. 50:1-12, 18, 50:21-38, 50:41-46; 51:1-4, 51:9-25, 51:27-35, 51:38-61 fulfilled; Jer. 50:13, 50:19-20, 50:39-40; 51:5-8, 51:26, 51:36-37, 51:62-64 unfulfilled).


דָּבָר

dāḇār

A masculine noun meaning word, speech, matter. This frequent word has a wide range of meanings associated with it. It signified spoken words or speech (Gen. 11:1; Isa. 36:5; Jer. 51:64); a command or royal decree (Est. 1:12, 1:19); a report or tidings (Exo. 33:4); advice (Jdg. 20:7); poetic writings of David (2Chr. 29:30); business affairs (1Chr. 26:32); a legal cause (Exo. 18:16); the custom or manner of activity (Est. 1:13); and something indefinite (thing, Gen. 22:16). Most important was the use of this word to convey divine communication. Often the word of the Lord signified the revelation given to prophets (2Sam. 7:4; Jer. 25:3; Hos. 1:1). Similarly, the Ten Commandments were literally called the ten words of the Lord (Exo. 34:28; Deut. 4:13).


that...

אֲשֶׁר

ašer

This word functions as (a) a relative pronoun meaning which, who, that or (b) a conjunction meaning that, because, so that, as, so that. The use of the word is determined by its function in the sentence in which it is used. Its basic usage: (a) a relative pronoun (Gen. 21:2; Deut. 1:22; Isa. 5:28; Hos. 3:1); a relative pronoun with a preposition prefixed (Gen. 21:17; Exo. 5:11; 33:12); or with nouns placed before ašer in the construct or of state, e.g., Gen. 39:20, "The place where the king's prisoners were confined."


the Lord spake...

יְהוָֹה

yehōwāh

A noun meaning God. The word refers to the proper name of the God of Israel, particularly the name by which He revealed Himself to Moses (Exo. 6:2-3). The divine name has traditionally not been pronounced, primarily out of respect for its sacredness (cf. Exo. 20:7; Deut. 28:58). Until the Renaissance, it was written without vowels in the Hebrew text of the Old Testament, being rendered as YHWH. However, since that time, the vowels of another word, aḏōnāy, have been supplied in hopes of reconstructing the pronunciation. Although the exact derivation of the name is uncertain, most scholars agree that its primary meaning should be understood in the context of God's existence, namely, that He is the "I AM THAT I AM" (Exo. 3:14), the One who was, who is, and who always will be (cf. Rev. 11:17). Older translations of the Bible and many newer ones employ the practice of rendering the divine name in capital letters, so as to distinguish it from other Hebrew words. It is most often rendered as LORD (Gen. 4:1; Deut. 6:18; Psm. 18:31,32; Jer. 33:2; Jon. 1:9) but also as GOD (Gen. 6:5; 2Sam. 12:22) or JEHOVAH (Psm. 83:18, 19; Isa. 26:4). The frequent appearance of this name in relation to God's redemptive work underscores its tremendous importance (Lev. 26:45; Psm. 19:14,15). Also, it is sometimes compounded with another word to describe the character of the Lord in greater detail (see Gen. 22:14, Exo. 17:15; Jdg. 6:24).


spake...

דָּבַר

dāḇar

A verb meaning to speak, to say. God told Moses to tell Pharaoh what He said (Exo. 6:29). It can mean to promise (Deut. 1:11). When used with the word song, it can mean to sing or chant (Jdg. 5:12). The word can also mean think, as when Solomon spoke in his heart (Ecc. 2:15). In Jeremiah, it means to pronounce judgment (Jer. 1:16). This verb also refers to speaking about or against someone (Mal. 3:13) or someone speaking to someone else (Mal. 3:16). It is closely related to the Hebrew noun dāḇār.

against...

אֵל

ēl, אֶל

el

A preposition meaning to, into, concerning. It has the basic meaning of toward. It is used in all kinds of situations indicating direction (Gen. 2:19; 16:11; 18:7; Lev. 1:16). It is used metaphorically to refer to speaking to someone (Gen. 8:15) or sexual intercourse (Gen. 16:2; Num. 25:1). It indicates direction when things face each other (Num. 12:8). Its use in the idiom hinneni ’ēl indicates motion toward (Gen. 4:8). Other meanings according to context are: as far as (Jer. 51:9); into (Jon. 1:5); to sit at (Gen. 24:11; 1Kgs. 13:20). Used figuratively, it can mean with regard to something (2Sam. 1:24). When used with other prepositions, it indicates direction or location according to the preposition it is being combined with (Jos. 15:13; 17:4; 1Kgs. 8:6; 2Kgs. 9:18).

It is used in place of or interchangeably for the preposition ‛al and takes on the meaning of upon, on (Jos. 5:14; Jdg. 6:37).


Babylon...

בָּבֶל

bāḇel

A proper noun designating Babel or Babylon, a name meaning confession and the name of the foreign power most often mentioned in the Old Testament, Babylon. Its beginnings go back to Nimrod, a mighty warrior and hunter but also a founder of cities and city-states (Gen. 10:8-12). At Babel the languages of the world became mixed and separated (Gen. 11:9), and there great towers (ziggurats) were built to approach the gods as humankind deemed necessary. God stopped the building of these towers of hubris (Gen. 11:5-8), where humankind tried to gather together as one (Gen. 11:1-2). It was a part of the Assyrian Empire for a while (2Kgs. 17:24, 17:30). The Neo-Babylonian Empire, founded by Nabopolassar (626 B.C.) is often mentioned in the prophets (Isa. Jer., Eze., Dan., Mic., Zech.). Its greatest king, Nebuchadnezzar, ruled nearly 43 years and is the topic of much of the Book of Daniel (Dan. 1:1; 2, 3, 4). The Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Jerusalem and took Judah into exile in 587/6 B.C. (2Kgs. 25:1-28; Jer. 52:3-34). Isaiah the prophet especially denounced the idolatry of Babylon (Isa 40-66). Israel was exiled in 587/6 to Babylon for seventy years in fulfillment of both the prophet Moses' and Jeremiah's prophecies (Deut. 28; Jer. 25:1-14). They returned in 538 B.C. under Cyrus, king of Persia (2Chr. 36:20-23; Ezra 1:1-3; Zec. 2:7, 11).


the land...

אֶרֶץ

ereṣ

A noun meaning the earth, land. It is used almost 2,500 times in the Old Testament. It refers to the whole earth under God's dominion (Gen. 1:1; 14:19; Exo. 9:29; Psm. 102:25, 26; Prov. 8:31; Mic. 4:13). Since the earth was God's possession, He promised to give the land of Canaan to Abraham's descendants (Gen. 12:7; 15:7). The Promised Land was very important to Abraham's descendants and to the nation of Israel that possessed the land (Jos. 1:2, 1:4). Israel's identity was tied to the land because it signified the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham. If the Israelites were disobedient, however, they would be cursed by losing the land (Lev. 26:32-34, 26:36, 26:38-39; Deut. 28:63-64; Jer. 7:7).


of the Chaldeans...

כַּשְׂדִּים

kaśdiym

A proper noun designating Chaldean, Babylonian:

A. The gentilic name of the inhabitants of a city Babylon and area Babylonia located in southern Mesopotamia on the Euphrates River. The city's ancient ruins are located ca. 50 miles south of modern Baghdad, Iraq. The term Chaldeans is also rendered as Babylonians in various translations. (see e.g., 2Kgs. 24:2 in NIV and textual note there). Isaiah called the people of Babylon Babylonians or Chaldeans (Isa. 13:19). The city of Babylon and the subsequent kingdom of Babylon or Babylonia were founded by Nimrod, the famous descendant of Cush and his father Ham (Gen. 10:6-10). The land of Shinar (Gen. 11:1-2) is the location where the Tower of Babel was constructed, and Daniel deftly places the exiles of Judah in the land of Shinar (Dan. 1:1-4). Abraham was called out from among the Chaldeans living in Ur (Gen. 11:31; 15:7). The Neo-Babylonian Empire (626-539 B.C.) played a major role in the Old Testament, and its greatest ruler was a Chaldean king (Ezra 5:12). The nation and its people were subject to scathing invective prophecies from the Lord's messengers (e.g., Jer. 50:1-51:64).

B. A technical use of the word Chaldeans kaśdiym in Hebrew refers to a group of priestly people who were given to the study of the heavenly bodies (Dan. 2:2). They were often consulted by kings and leaders for advice. Their presence in Babylonia in the time of Nebuchadnezzar is confirmed.

C. A use of the word to refer to the nation or land of Chaldea, Babylon (Jer. 50:10; 51:24, 51:35).


by...

יָד

yāḏ, יַד אַבְשָׁלם

yaḏ ’aḇšālôm

A feminine noun meaning hand, strength. This word frequently appears in the Old Testament with literal, figurative, and technical uses. Literally, it implies the hand of a human being (Lev. 14:28; Jer. 36:14) and occasionally the wrist (Gen. 38:28). Metaphorically, it signifies strength or power (Deut. 32:36; Isa. 37:27); authority or right of possession (Gen. 16:9; 2Chr. 13:16); location or direction (Num. 24:24; Psm. 141:6); the side of an object (1Sam. 4:18); a fractional portion of the whole (Gen. 47:24; Neh. 11:1). In a technical sense, the word is used to identify the upright supports for the bronze laver (1Kgs. 7:35-36); the tenons for the Tabernacle (Exo. 26:17); and an axle (1Kgs. 7:32-33).


Jeremiah...

יִרְמְיָה

yirmeyāh, יִרְמְיָה

yirmeyāhû

A proper noun designating Jeremiah:

A. A great prophet of Judah who prophesied 626-586 B.C. The meaning of his name is difficult, but it seems to mean "the Lord raises up" or "the Lord loosens," which fits his task-to prophesy the rising and/or falling of nations. He was the son of Hilkiah, a priest (Jer. 1:1-6). He prophesied to Judah, warning them to submit to God's servant Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, or be taken into exile (Jer. 25:1-38). He prophesied the Lord's word under Josiah on through the debacle of Jehoiakim's reign and Zedekiah's reign, the last king of Judah. He continued to prophesy in a context in which he was harassed and threatened by both the people of Judah and their leaders and by false prophets, such as Hananiah (Jer. 26-28).

He counseled and prophesied submission to Babylon. He charged the people and nations with breaking the covenant (Jer. 11) but gave them a hope of a New Covenant (Jer. 31:31-34). He described the seventy-year exile they would undergo (Jer. 25) but also a glorious return (Jer. 25:12 ff; 25:30-34).

He dictated a second version of his prophesies to Baruch his scribe after Jehoiakim burned an earlier draft (Jer. 36). He poured out oracles of judgment on the nations (Jer. 46-52), but he counseled Israel to circumcise their hearts (Jer. 4:4) to the Lord. His prophecies unheeded, he himself went into a forced exile in Egypt, where he uttered some concluding prophecies (Jer. 42-44).

B. The father of Hamutal, mother of Zedekiah (2Kgs. 24:18).

C. A Gadite who joined David while he was fleeing Saul; he was an army official or commander (1Chr. 12:10).

D. A family head of Manasseh who lived east of the Jordan River (1Chr. 5:24).

E. A leader of a group of Benjamites who defected to David while he was fleeing Saul; they were superb warriors (1Chr. 12:4).

F. A leader of a group of Gadites who followed David, not Saul; he was an army leader (1Chr. 12:13).

G. A priest who returned under Zerubbabel and Jeshua. The head of a priestly family (Neh. 12:1).

H. A leader of Levites who supported Nehemiah's covenant of renewal; he helped in the dedication of the wall (Neh. 10:2).


the prophet...

נָבִיא

nāḇiy’

A masculine noun meaning a prophet, a spokesman. The meaning is consistently one of prophet and inspired spokesman. Moses was the greatest prophet of the Old Testament (Deut. 34:10) and the example for all later prophets. He displayed every aspect of a true prophet, both in his call, his work, his faithfulness, and, at times, his doubts. Only Abraham is called a prophet before Moses (Gen. 20:7).

Moses received a call from God to speak His words and perform a specific task (see Exo. 3:4, 3:10; 4:17, 4:29; 5:1) with the promise that the Lord would be with him and help him accomplish it (see Exo. 3:12, 3:20; 4:12, 4:14-16). He responded, though reluctantly (see Exo. 3:11, 3:13; 4:1), and God did what He had said He would do (see Exo. 6:1; 14:30-31; 40:34, 40:38). Moses' prophetic voice spoke to Israel of the past (see Deut. 1-3), the present (see Deut. 4:1; 26:18), and the future (see Deut. 31:20-22), as would every major prophet after him. This pattern, or much of it, is found in the case of every true prophet (see Isa. 6; Jer. 1; Eze. 1-3; Hos. 1:2; Amos 7:14-15; Jon. 1:1). All the true prophets stood in the counsel of God to receive their messages (see 1Kgs. 22:19; Jer. 23:22; Amos 3:7).

This word describes one who was raised up by God and, as such, could only proclaim that which the Lord gave him to say. A prophet could not contradict the Law of the Lord or speak from his own mind or heart. To do so was to be a false prophet (Jer. 14:14; 23:16, 23:26, 23:30). What a prophet declared had to come true, or he was false (Deut. 18:22; Jer. 23:9).

The noun is found parallel to two other words meaning a seer, a prophet (ḥōzeh, rō’eh 1Sam. 9:9; 2Sam. 24:11), which tends to stress the visionary or perceptive aspects of a prophet's experiences. There were "sons of the prophets," a phrase indicating bands or companies of prophets, "son" in this case meaning a member (1Kgs. 20:35; 2Kgs. 2:3, 2:5; 4:1). Kings sometimes had a group of prophets around them (1Kgs. 22:22; 2Chr. 18:21-22). Prophets were designated from Israel (Eze. 13:2, 13:4); Samaria (Jer. 23:13); and Jerusalem (Zeph. 3:4). In an unusual development, David set aside some of the sons of Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun to serve as prophets. Their prophesying was accompanied with musical instruments and possibly was brought on and aided by these instruments. This phenomenon is described mainly in the book of 2 Chronicles (see 2Chr. 20:14; 29:30). Evidently, Zechariah, the priest, also prophesied in that era. But Moses himself desired that all God's people have the Spirit of God on them, as did the prophets (Num. 11:29).

The 90th Prophecy in Jeremiah

130 Predictions—Fulfilled:

1. Babylon will be taken (Jer. 50:2).

2. Bel will be confounded.

3. Merodach will be broken in pieces.

4. The idols of Babylon will be broken.

5. Out of the north will come a nation against her (Jer. 50:3).

6. They will make her land desolate, and none will dwell therein.

7. Both man and beast will depart.

8. In those days the children of Israel will return to their land together with the children of Judah (Jer. 50:4).

9. They will go weeping back to their own land, seeking the Lord.

10. They will ask the way to Zion with their faces thither-ward (Jer. 50:5).

11. They both houses of Israel will say, Come, let us join ourselves to the Lord in a perpetual covenant that will not be forgotten.

12. I will raise up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country and they will set themselves in array against her (Jer. 50:9).

13. From thence she will be taken.

14. Their arrows will be as of a mighty expert man.

15. None will return in vain—they will hit the mark.

16. Chaldea will be a spoil (Jer. 50:10).

17. All that spoil her will be satisfied.

18. You will be punished because you rejoiced over the fall of Israel, and because you have become lazy and careless (Jer. 50:11).

19. Your mother will be sore confounded (Jer. 50:12).

20. She that bore you will be ashamed.

21. The hindermost of the nations will be a wilderness and a desert.

22. Her enemies will surround Babylon, shout against her, and shoot at her (Jer. 50:14-15).

23. Her foundations will fall (Jer. 50:15).

24. Her walls will be thrown down.

25. The farmers will be cut off from Babylon (Jer. 50:16).

26. They will flee every one to his own land because of the invaders.

27. I will punish the king of Babylon and his land, as I have punished Assyria and her land (Jer. 50:18).

28. The inhabitants of Merathaim and Pekod will be destroyed (Jer. 50:21).

29. The invaders will do as I commanded.

30. The sound of battle and great destruction will be heard in the land (Jer. 50:22).

31. The hammer of the whole earth Babylon will be broken (Jer. 50:23).

32. Babylon will become a desolation among the nations.

33. I have laid a snare for you and you will be taken (Jer. 50:24).

34. You will not be aware of the time you will be taken (Jer. 50:24; Dan. 5:1-31).

35. You will be found and caught, because you have striven with Jehovah (Jer. 50:24).

36. The Lord will open His armory and bring forth the weapons of His indignation in the land of the Chaldeans.

37. They will come against her from the utmost borders (Jer. 50:26).

38. They will open her storehouses.

39. They will cast her up as heaps.

40. They will destroy her utterly and leave nothing of her.

41. Her bullocks will be slain (Jer. 50:27).

42. Her day of visitation will come.

43. Men will escape from Babylon and declare in Zion the vengeance of God upon her (Jer. 50:28).

44. Archers will camp against Babylon round about, so that none will escape.

45. She will reap what she has sown, for she has been proud against God (Jer. 50:29).

46. Her young men will fall in the streets (Jer. 50:30).

47. Her men of war will be cut off in that day.

48. The day will come when I visit you for your pride.

49. The proudest will stumble and fall (Jer. 50:32).

50. None will raise him up.

51. I will kindle a fire in his cities, and it will devour all round about him.

52. The Redeemer of both houses of Israel is strong and will plead their own land again, and disquiet the inhabitants of Babylon (Jer. 50:34).

53. A sword will be upon the Chaldeans, upon the inhabitants, the princes, wise men, liars, mighty men, horses, chariots, the mingled people, the women, and the treasures of Babylon (Jer. 50:35-37).

54. The people will be dismayed (Jer. 50:36).

55. The treasures of Babylon will be robbed (Jer. 50:37).

56. There will be a drought in Babylon, for the waters will be dried up (Jer. 50:38).

57. A people will come upon Babylon from the north, a great nation, and many kings will be raised up from the coasts of the earth (Jer. 50:41).

58. They will hold the bow and lance (Jer. 50:42).

59. They will be cruel and without mercy.

60. Their voice will be like the roar of the sea.

61. They will ride upon horses, every one in array, to battle you.

62. The king of Babylon will hear of the report of them, and his hand will wax feeble (Jer. 50:43; Dan. 5:1-31).

63. Anguish will take hold of him as a woman in travail (Jer. 50:43).

64. He will come up like a lion from the swelling of Jordan (Jer. 50:44).

65. The conquest will be quickly over and the invader will suddenly pass on.

66. He will make their habitation desolate (Jer. 50:45).

67. The earth will be moved at the taking of Babylon (Jer. 50:46).

68. The cry will be heard among the nations.

69. I will raise up a destroying wind against Babylon and those against Me (Jer. 51:1).

70. Fanners will come and fan her and make her land empty (Jer. 51:2).

71. In the day of trouble, they will be against her round about.

72. Her host will be destroyed (Jer. 51:3).

73. The slain will fall in the land of the Chaldeans, and they that are thrust through in her streets (Jer. 51:4).

74. Babylon will be forsaken, and everyone will flee to his own country (Jer. 51:9).

75. The Lord will bring forth our righteousness (Jer. 51:10).

76. The Lord will raise up the spirit of the Medes to destroy Babylon and avenge His temple (Jer. 51:11-12).

77. The end of Babylon will come (Jer. 51:13).

78. I will fill you with men as with caterpillars, and they will lift up a shout against you (Jer. 51:14).

79. The graven images will perish (Jer. 51:18).

80. I will break the nations in pieces with you Cyrus and will destroy kingdoms (Jer. 51:20).

81. With you will I break in pieces the horse and his rider, and the chariot and its rider (Jer. 51:21).

82. I will break in pieces man and woman, old and young, servants and maids, captains and rulers (Jer. 51:21-23).

83. I will render unto Babylon and all the inhabitants of Chaldea their evil that they have done to Zion (Jer. 51:24).

84. I will stretch out My hand upon you, roll you from the rocks, and make you like a burnt mountain (Jer. 51:25).

85. A standard will be set in the land and a trumpet will be blown among the nations to appoint a captain against Babylon (Jer. 51:27).

86. The horses will come up against her as the rough caterpillars.

87. The nations will be prepared against her with kings of the Medes and their captains and rulers (Jer. 51:28).

88. The land will tremble with sorrow, for Babylon will become a desolation without an inhabitant (Jer. 51:29).

89. The mighty men of Babylon will forbear to fight (Jer. 51:30).

90. They will remain in their holds.

91. Their might will fail.

92. They will become weak as women.

93. They will burn her dwelling places.

94. They will break her bars.

95. One messenger will run to meet others to show the king of Babylon that his city is taken at one end, that the passages are stopped, the reeds burned with fire, and the men of war afraid (Jer. 51:32).

96. In a little while the time of the harvest of Babylon will come (Jer. 51:33).

97. Israel will complain: Nebuchadnezzar has crushed me and made me like an empty vessel; he has swallowed me like a dragon and filled his belly with my delicacies; and he has cast me out (Jer. 51:34).

98. Babylon will be repaid for what she has done to me (Jer. 51:35).

99. They will roar together like lions, and yell like lion’s whelps (Jer. 51:38).

100. In their heat I will make their feasts.

101. I will make them drunken, that they may rejoice and sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake (Jer. 51:39; cp. 50:1-46:57).

102. I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter (Jer. 51:40).

103. Babylon will be taken and the whole earth will be surprised (Jer. 51:41).

104. Babylon will become an astonishment among all nations.

105. The sea the flooded Euphrates will come upon Babylon (Jer. 51:42).

106. Her cities will become desolate, a dry land, and a wilderness where no man will dwell (Jer. 51:43).

107. I will punish Bel (Jer. 51:44).

108. I will bring forth out of the mouth that which he has swallowed up.

109. Nations will flow to him no more.

110. The wall of Babylon will fall

111. My people will go from Babylon and not partake of her judgment (Jer. 51:45).

112. A rumor will be heard one year after another and violence civil war in the land (Jer. 51:46).

113. The days come that I will bring judgment upon the graven images of Babylon (Jer. 51:47).

114. Her whole land will be confounded.

115. All her slain will fall in the midst of her.

116. Then the heaven and earth will sing for Babylon (Jer. 51:48).

117. Spoilers will come unto her from the north.

118. Babylon will cause the slain of Israel to fall, so at Babylon the slain of all the earth will fall (Jer. 51:49).

119. Strangers will come into the Lord’s house (Jer. 51:51).

120. The days come that I will do judgment upon her graven images (Jer. 51:52).

121. Through all the land the wounded will groan.

122. Though Babylon should exalt herself to heaven, yet from Me will come spoilers to bring her down (Jer. 51:53).

123. A great sound of a cry will come from Babylon and great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans (Jer. 51:54-55).

124. The spoiler will come upon her, and her mighty men will be taken

(Jer. 51:56).

125. All the bows of Babylon will be broken.

126. I will make her princes, wise men, captains, rulers, and mighty men drunk; and they will sleep perpetual sleep, and not wake (Jer. 51:57; cp. 50:39).

127. The broad walls of Babylon will be utterly broken (Jer. 51:58).

128. Her gates will be burned with fire.

129. The people will labor in vain and the folk in the fire.

130. The invaders will be weary with so much work in the destruction.

Twenty-one Predictions—Unfulfilled:

1. Because of the wrath of the Lord Babylon will be wholly desolate (Jer. 50:13).

2. Everyone going by Babylon will hiss at her plagues.

3. I will bring Israel again to her habitation (Jer. 50:19).

4. He will feed on Carmel and Bashan.

5. His soul will be satisfied upon Mount Ephraim and Gilead.

6. In those days and in that time, the iniquity of Israel and the sins of Judah will be sought for and will not be found.

7.The wild beasts will dwell there.

8. Owls will dwell there.

9.Babylon will be inhabitated no more forever and will not be dwelt in from generation to generation.

10. As God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighboring cities, so will no man abide there, nor any son of man dwell therein (Jer. 50:40).

11. My people will flee out of Babylon and deliver every man his soul (Jer. 51:6).

12. The time for the Lord’s vengeance will come when He renders to her a recompense.

13. Babylon will be a cup in the Lord’s hand, making all nations drink until they are mad (Jer. 51:7).

14. Babylon will become suddenly fallen and destroyed (Jer. 51:8).

15.They will not take a stone from the ruins of Babylon to use for a corner stone or for foundation stones (Jer. 51:26).

16.Babylon will be desolate forever.

17.I will take vengeance and dry up all her sea and make her springs dry (Jer. 51:36).

18.Babylon will become a dwelling place for dragons, an astonishment, and a hissing without an inhabitant (Jer. 51:37).

19.The Lord has spoken against this place to cut it off, both man and beast, and it will be desolate forever (Jer. 51:62).

20. Babylon will sink and rise no more from the evil that I will bring upon her (Jer. 51:64).

21.They will be weary.


The Announcement of Judgment


Jeremiah was commanded to announce to the nations the public humiliation of Babylon.