The Message of Salvation to All
But I say, Did not Israel know? First Moses saith, I will provoke you to jealousy by them that are no people, and by a foolish nation I will anger you. Rom 10:19
Did not Israel... Paul here answers a third question in the Jewish mind: "Why did not Israel know about these things?" He proves by Moses and Isaiah that they were made clear to Israel centuries ago (Rom. 10:19-21).
I will provoke... The 10th Old Testament prophecy fulfilled in Romans (Rom. 10:19; Deut. 32:21). Next, Rom. 10:20. Just as Israel made God jealous and angry over their worship of gods which are not real, so God was to provoke Israel to jealousy and anger by choosing a people who were not His chosen ones.
Israel was ignorant of the salvation truth contained in their own Scriptures, including that the gospel would reach the Gentiles (as promised in Deut. 32:21 and Isa. 65:1-2).
With these verses the argument takes a turn. The apostle anticipated another objection. Someone might argue, “Yes, Israel heard but she did not understand that God purposed to offer righteousness by faith to all mankind, including Gentiles.” So Paul wrote, Again I ask (lit., “But I say”), did Israel not understand? (egnō, “know”) His answer this time was from two Old Testament quotations, one as early as Moses (Deut. 32:21) and the second by Isaiah (Isa. 65:1).
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