Romans Chapter 11 Vs. 17

 Gentiles Grafted In

And if some of the branches be broken off, and thou, being a wild olive tree, wert graffed in among them, and with them partakest of the root and fatness of the olive tree; Rom 11:17

And if some... Israel is here pictured as branches of an olive tree and the Gentiles as a wild olive tree, or the oleaster which bears no fruit. Some are broken off because of unbelief and Gentiles take their place to partake of Israel’s blessings.

Some, but not all of the branches of Israel were broken off or removed. God always preserved a believing remnant.

thou, being a... grafted in: Olive trees were an important crop in the ancient world. Although trees often lived for hundreds of years, individual branches eventually stopped producing olives. When that happened, branches from younger trees were grafted in to restore productivity.

Paul’s point is that the old, unproductive branches (Israel), were broken off and branches from a wild olive tree (Gentiles), were grafted in.

Once grafted in, Gentiles partake of the richness of God’s covenant blessings as the spiritual heirs of Abraham.

The Olive tree: The place of divine blessing, God’s covenant of salvation made with Abraham.

The natural branches were the physical house of Israel (Hebrews), and we Christians are the grafted in branches. All believers are the spiritual house of Israel.

Eph. 3:6 “That the Gentiles should be fellow heirs, and of the same body, and partakers of his promise in Christ by the gospel:”

In the apostolic generation God put aside as a whole the people of Israel, an action Paul described as one in which some of the branches have been broken off. The apostle then spoke directly to Gentile Christians: And you (sing.), though a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others and now share in the nourishing sap from the olive root (lit., “have become a co-partner of the root of the fatness of the olive”).