Israel's Remnant Taunts Babylon
Isa 14:19 But thou art cast out of thy grave like an abominable branch, and as the raiment of those that are slain, thrust through with a sword, that go down to the stones of the pit; as a carcase trodden under feet.
But thou...
אַתָּה
’attāh: A personal pronoun meaning you. It is also written ’attā in a few places (1Sam. 24:18, 19; Psm. 6:3, 4). Its basic use is as the independent personal pronoun meaning you (Num. 11:15; Deu. 5:27, 24; 2Chr. 14:11,10; Ezk. 28:14). It is used for emphasis before finite verb forms and then may mean you, yourself. It may also be used after (appended) a verb for emphasis (Exo. 18:19; 1Sam. 17:56; 20:8). Used after a previous suffix referring to you, it is again emphatic (2Chr. 35:21).
art cast...
שָׁלַךּ
šālaḵ: A verb meaning to throw, to cast. In the causative form, several different variations of meaning are associated with this verb. The basic meaning to cast or throw is found in Gen. 21:15 and Num. 35:20. It can also mean to cast away in the sense of getting rid of something that hinders, such as sin (Ezk. 18:31); or fetters (Psm. 2:3). This verb is also used to describe God's rejection of someone (2Kgs. 17:20; 24:20). In a good sense, God will sustain those who cast their cares on Him (Psm. 55:22, 23). In the passive causative form, this verb means to be cast, to be thrown or to be cast out. Usually, this is used in a negative sense, as when someone was cast out of his or her burial site (Isa. 14:19; Jer. 36:30); or when people were cast away because of their disobedience to God (Jer. 14:16). Yet it can also be used in a good sense. In Psm. 22:10, 11, the writer says that from birth he had been cast on God. So this verb can have either positive or negative connotations.
out of thy grave...
מִן
min, מִנִּי
minniy, מִנֵּי
minnēy: A preposition used to indicate from, out of, away from; more than: after, since; immediately; because of, since, so that; without; direction as southward, etc.). Its spelling varies according to its location and usage. Its basic meaning is from, away from, out of. Its basic meanings only can be noted here, but its exact meaning is easily discerned from its context: (1) With verbs, it expresses separation spatially or figuratively (Exo. 19:14; Deu. 22:8; Jos. 10:7). It can be used with a verb not indicating separation, e.g., to stay away from strife (Pro. 20:3; Isa. 14:19). (2) With the basic sense of out of, from (Gen. 3:22-24; 4:10; 34:26; Exo. 2:10; 8:9, 5; Jdg. 15:7; Psm. 40:2, 3), it often indicates what something is made of or formed from (Gen. 2:19; Hos. 13:2). With a pronominal suffix meaning from it, it means of one piece with it (Exo. 25:19, 25:31). It indicates a cause for something, on account of, because (Exo. 2:23; 6:9; 1Kgs. 14:4; Pro. 20:4; Isa. 53:5). (3) It is used to mean something is a part of something else, a part or share of it (Gen. 6:19; 7:8; 39:11; Num. 16:2). It indicates some of in an indefinite sense (Exo. 16:27; Lev. 25:49; Psm. 137:3). When repeated it means some . . . others or its equivalent expression (1Chr. 9:28-29). (4) It is used to mark time: from, since (Deu. 9:24), from a certain day or time (Lev. 22:27; Num. 15:23; 1Sam. 18:9). It is used in phrases to mean from ancient times, antiquity (Hab. 1:12); from of old (Isa. 42:14). It indicates right after a certain time (Gen. 38:24; Jos. 23:1; Ezk. 38:8). (5) Paired with ‛aḏ it usually means from . . . even to, as far as (Gen. 10:19; 15:18; Exo. 11:7; Jer. 51:62). In a figurative sense, this same construction can mean e.g., from young . . . to old, both inclusive (Gen. 19:4; 1Sam. 5:9; Jer. 6:13). (6) It may further indicate than, in comparisons (Lev. 21:10; Jdg. 14:18). (7) Prefixed to an infinitive, it is often translated as from (Gen. 16:2); a few times as on account of or because (Deu. 7:7-8); or temporally as since or after (Num. 24:23; Isa. 44:7). (8) It is often attached to other words in compounds and is sometimes used in front of infinitives of verbs: e.g., with ‛āḇaḏ meaning from serving (Exo. 14:5); with bāla‛ meaning from destroying (Lam. 2:8). (9) It is used in front of a verb form once as a conjunction indicating a negative purpose, "that . . . not" (Deu. 33:11). Other uses almost always fall under one of the above categories.
קֶבֶר
qeḇer: A masculine noun meaning a grave, a sepulchre. The grave was a place of grief (2Sam. 3:32; Psm. 88:11, 12); the end of life in contrast to the womb (Job 10:19; Jer. 20:17). The dead were laid to rest, often with previously deceased relatives (2Sam. 19:37, 38). In the Old Testament, graves were associated with uncleanness: one who touched a grave (or a bone, cf. 2Chr. 34:5) had to be ceremonially cleansed (Num. 19:16-19). Josiah sprinkled the dust of crushed idolatrous paraphernalia on graves of idol worshipers to defile the idols (2Kgs. 23:6; 2Chr. 34:4). In a figurative sense, Isaiah prophesied against his self-righteous countrymen as living among graves and eating the flesh of swine (Isa. 65:4; cf. Mat. 23:27-28). Ezekiel prophesied that God would revive the Israelites from their graves, that is, from their exile and defilement among idolatrous nations (Ezk. 37:12-13).
like an abominable...
תָּעַב
ta‛. ḇ: A verb meaning to abhor, to be abhorrent, to do abominably. This word expresses a strongly detestable activity or the logical response to such an activity. It is associated with a severe sense of loathing (Deu_23:7,8; 1Chr. 21:6); the condition of sinful people (Job 15:16); the activity of idol worship (1Kgs. 21:26); and the Lord's opposition to sin (Psm. 5:6, 7).
branch,...
נֵצֶר
nēṣer: A masculine noun referring to a branch. It indicates literally a shoot, a branch of a plant but is used figuratively of the Lord's servant, the Branch, who will rule in the messianic kingdom. He comes from the roots of the family of Jesse (Isa. 11:1), the chosen royal line in Israel. It refers to Israel as a whole as God's branch in a restored state (Isa. 60:21). It indicates a person as part of a family line (Isa. 14:9); as a descendant in particular (Dan. 11:7).
and as the raiment...
לְבוּשׁ
leḇûš, לְבֻשׁ
leḇuš, לָבוּשׁ
lāḇûš, לָבֻשׁ
lāḇuš: I. A masculine noun indicating clothing, garments, dress. It refers to clothing of men or women (Gen. 49:11; Psm. 45:13, 14). It is used as a collective noun of clothes or dress for women or men (2Kgs. 10:22; Isa. 14:19). It includes clothing of various materials (Job 30:18; Psm. 35:13; Pro. 27:26); or styles (Est. 6:8). It is used in metaphorical language: clouds like garments covering the sea (Job 38:9); or the clothing of idols (Jer. 10:9). A man was to claim and protect his wife by covering her with his garment (Mal. 2:16).
II. An adjective meaning clothed, dressed. It describes the state of a person wearing garments as opposed to being naked. The household of a wise woman may be clothed luxuriously (Pro. 31:21). It is used of a warrior outfitted in his military dress (1Sam. 17:5; Ezk. 38:4). It is used figuratively and literally of a person attired with the clothing of those slain by a sword (Isa. 14:19). Even heavenly beings are dressed (Ezk. 9:2-3, 9:11; 10:2, 10:6-7; Dan. 10:5; 12:6-7). Filthy garments may refer to a corrupt moral character (Zec. 3:3). Royal garments were often purple (Ezk. 23:6).
of those that are slain,...
הָרַג
hārag̱: A verb meaning to kill, murder, slay. It carries a wide variety of usages. Its first use in the Bible is in the fratricide of Cain and Abel (Gen. 4:8). The word is employed for war and slaughter (Jos. 8:24; 1Kgs. 9:16; Est. 8:11); God's killing in judgment (Gen. 20:4; Exo. 13:15; Amos 2:3); humans killing animals (Lev. 20:15; Num. 22:29); animals killing humans (2Kgs. 17:25; Job 20:16).
thrust through...
טָעַ ן
ṭā‛an: A verb indicating to thrust through, to pierce. In context it refers to those persons who have been mortally stabbed, pierced with swords (Isa. 14:19), an ignominious lot.
with a sword,...
חֶרֶב
ḥereḇ: A feminine noun meaning a sword, a knife, a cutting tool. The word frequently pictures the sword, along with the bow and shield, as the standard fighting equipment of the times (Gen. 48:22; Psm. 76:3, 4; Hos. 1:7). Warriors are referred to as those drawing the sword (Jdg. 20; 1Chr. 21:5). The sword may also stand for a larger unit of military power, sometimes pictured as coming on a people or land (Lev. 26:25; Lam. 1:20; Ezk. 14:17). The cutting action of a sword is likened to eating, and its edges are literally referred to as mouths. Similarly, the mouths of people are likened to swords (Psm. 59:7, 8; Pro. 30:14; Isa. 49:2). The sword is also a symbol of judgment executed by God (Gen. 3:24; Deu. 32:41; Jer. 47:6); or His people (Psm. 149:6). The word can refer to a knife (Jos. 5:2-3); or a tool for cutting stones (Exo. 20:25).
that go down...
יָרַד
yāraḏ: A verb meaning to go down, to descend. It is used of motion both literally or figuratively of someone or something coming down. It is used figuratively of the Lord's coming down to observe something or to make an announcement, e.g., the Tower of Babel or the announcement of the Exodus (Gen. 11:5, 11:7; Exo. 3:8; 19:11, 19:18). It is used of people coming down from a mountain (Exo. 19:14); of birds descending from the air (Hos. 7:12), etc. It is used to describe valleys sinking (Psm. 104:8). A crown may "come down" as a sign of humility and falling from power (Jer. 13:17-18). It is used figuratively of going down to Sheol (Gen. 37:35); or of breaking into, going down, apart, into tears (cf. Psm. 119:136; Isa. 15:3). It depicts the falling or coming down of the pride of might (Ezk. 30:6). It describes fire from heaven or a pillar of fire coming down (Exo. 33:9; 2Kgs 1:10, 1:12, 1:14). It is used to depict the path of a boundary line descending down from one location to another (Jos. 16:3).
to...
אֵל
’ēl, אֶל
’el: A preposition meaning to, into, concerning. It has the basic meaning of toward. It is used in all kinds of situations indicating direction (Gen. 2:19; 16:11; 18:7; Lev. 1:16). It is used metaphorically to refer to speaking to someone (Gen. 8:15) or sexual intercourse (Gen. 16:2; Num. 25:1). It indicates direction when things face each other (Num. 12:8). Its use in the idiom hinneni ’ēl indicates motion toward (Gen. 4:8). Other meanings according to context are: as far as (Jer. 51:9); into (Jon. 1:5); to sit at (Gen. 24:11; 1Kgs. 13:20). Used figuratively, it can mean with regard to something (2Sam. 1:24). When used with other prepositions, it indicates direction or location according to the preposition it is being combined with (Jos. 15:13; 17:4; 1Kgs. 8:6; 2Kgs. 9:18).
It is used in place of or interchangeably for the preposition ‛al and takes on the meaning of upon, on (Jos. 5:14; Jdg. 6:37).
the stones...
אֶבֶן
’eḇen: A feminine noun meaning stone. The word is used often and has both literal and figurative meanings depending upon its context. It is also used as a major source of raw material for all kinds of projects produced by various skilled craftsmen or merchants. Both precious and non-precious stones are mentioned in Scripture.
In its natural or adapted states, stone was used as a pillow (Gen. 28:11, 28:18); a cover of a well (Gen. 29:2-3, 29:8); a weapon of opportunity (Exo. 21:18); a weapon of official executions (Lev. 20:2, 20:27; 24:23; Num. 14:10); sling stones (1Sam. 17:40, 17:49); memorial stones (Jos. 4:3, 4:5-9); sacred pillars (Gen. 28:18). In Jos. 24:26-27, they are used as witnesses by Joshua.
Various items were made of stone: the tablets of the Ten Commandments (Exo. 31:18; 34:1; Deu. 5:22, 19); vessels (Exo. 7:19); and pavement (2Kgs. 16:17). Washed stones are mentioned (Lev. 14:40, 14:42-43, 14:45), and they were used in walls, tombs, and buildings (2Kgs. 22:6; Neh. 4:2; 3:34; Isa. 14:19). Stones were especially important for use as foundation stones or cornerstones (Job 38:6; Isa. 28:16; Jer. 51:26); and capstones (Zec. 3:9; 4:7).
Many precious stones are noted in various passages (Gen. 2:12; Exo. 28:9-12, 28:17-21), especially those featured in the breastplate of Israel's high priest. They are also featured in the Garden of Eden as mentioned in Ezk. 28:13-16.
The word indicates some tools or equipment used by merchants and builders such as weights (Pro. 20:10, 20:23; 27:3). They were described as plummets or a plumb line (Isa. 34:11) in a literal and figurative sense as well by the biblical writer.
of the pit;...
בּוֹר
bôr: A masculine noun meaning pit, cistern, well. The term can refer to rock-hewn reservoirs or man-made wells. When empty, such cisterns served as perfect prisons (i.e., Joseph [Gen. 37:20, 37:22, 37:24, 37:28, 29] and Jeremiah [Jer. 38:6-7, 38:9-11, 13]). The semantic range extends to prisons in general. Joseph refers to Pharaoh's dungeon as bôr (Gen. 40:15). Figuratively, it carries positive and negative connotations. Positively, it can signify a man's wife (Pro. 5:15), and Sarah is the cistern of Israel (Isa. 51:1). Negatively, it represents death (Pro. 28:17); Sheol (Psm. 30:3. 4); exile (Zec. 9:11).
as a carcase...
פֶּגֶר
peg̱er: A masculine noun meaning a corpse, a carcass. It can refer to the carcasses of animals (Gen. 15:11); however, it is usually used in connection with human corpses. Though this term can refer to a single body (Isa. 14:19), it is usually found in the plural (Isa. 34:3; Jer. 31:40; Ezk. 6:5). In several instances, the singular is used as a collective (1Sam. 17:46; Amos 8:3; Nam. 3:3). One occurrence of this word is a metaphor for the lifelessness of idols (Lev. 26:30).
trodden under feet...
בּוּס
bûs: A verb that signifies to tread down, to trample underfoot. This term generally has a negative connotation, implying a destructive action (Zec. 10:5). God is often the subject of this verb, when He states that He will trample His enemies (Psm. 60:12, 14); Isa. 14:25; 63:6). It can also be used with people as the subject but with the understanding that they are only God's instruments (Psm. 44:5, 6). This expression can also have a figurative meaning: to reject (Pro. 27:7) and to desecrate (Isa. 63:18).
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