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Monday, February 3, 2025

Book of Isaiah Chapter 14 Vs. 11

 Israel's Remnant Taunts Babylon


Isa 14:11 Thy pomp is brought down to the grave, and the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and the worms cover thee.

Thy pomp...

גָּאן

ga’ôn

A masculine noun designating pride, majesty, arrogance, excellence. It refers to the exalted majesty or excellence of the Lord (Exo. 15:7; Isa. 24:14; Mic. 5:4,3) and even to His redeemed people and their pride in Him (Isa. 4:2). It is used in a neutral sense to describe the proud, high waves of the sea (Job 38:11) and the thick growth or thicket around some areas of the Jordan (Jer. 12:5). Israel, Jacob, Judah, and Israel are all depicted as possessing excessive pride (Jer. 13:9; Amos 6:8), or, in some cases, these references may have a positive thrust to them.

is brought down...

יָרַד

yāraḏ

A verb meaning to go down, to descend. It is used of motion both literally or figuratively of someone or something coming down. It is used figuratively of the Lord's coming down to observe something or to make an announcement, e.g., the Tower of Babel or the announcement of the Exodus (Gen. 11:5, 11:7; Exo. 3:8; 19:11, 19:18). It is used of people coming down from a mountain (Exo. 19:14); of birds descending from the air (Hos. 7:12), etc. It is used to describe valleys sinking (Psm. 104:8). A crown may "come down" as a sign of humility and falling from power (Jer. 13:17-18). It is used figuratively of going down to Sheol (Gen. 37:35); or of breaking into, going down, apart, into tears (cf. Psm. 119:136; Isa. 15:3). It depicts the falling or coming down of the pride of might (Eze. 30:6). It describes fire from heaven or a pillar of fire coming down (Exo. 33:9; 2Kgs. 1:10, 1:12, 1:14). It is used to depict the path of a boundary line descending down from one location to another (Jos. 16:3).

to the grave...

שְׁאל

e’ôl, שְׁאֹל

e’ol

A noun meaning the world of the dead, Sheol, the grave, death, the depths. The word describes the underworld but usually in the sense of the grave and is most often translated as grave. Jacob described himself as going to the grave upon Joseph's supposed death (Gen. 37:35; 42:38); Korah, Dathan, and Abiram went down into the ground, which becomes their grave, when God judges them (Num. 16:30, 16:33; 1Sam. 2:6). David described his brush with death at the hands of Saul as feeling the ropes or bands of the grave clutching him (2Sam. 22:6). The Lord declares that He will ransom His people from the grave or Sheol (Hos. 13:14). Habak-kuk declared that the grave's desire for more victims is never satiated (Hab. 2:5).

The word means depths or Sheol. Job called the ways of the Almighty higher than heaven and lower than Sheol or the depths of the earth (Job 11:8). The psalmist could not escape the Lord even in the lowest depths of the earth, in contrast to the high heavens (Psm. 139:8; Amos 9:2). It means the deepest valley or depths of the earth in Isa. 7:11.

In a few cases, Sheol seems to mean death or a similar concept; that Abaddon (destruction) lies uncovered seems to be matched with Sheol's meaning of death (Job 26:6). It means death or the grave, for neither is ever satisfied (Prov. 7:27; cf. Isa. 38:10) The word is best translated as death or the depths in Deut. 32:22.

Sheol or the grave is the place of the wicked (Psm. 9:17,18; 31:17,18); Ezekiel pictured it as the place of the uncircumcised (Eze. 31:15; 32:21, 32:27). Israel's search for more wickedness and apostasy took them to the depths of Sheol (Isa. 57:9). On the other hand, the righteous were not made for the grave or Sheol; it was not their proper abode. They were not left in the grave or Sheol (Psm. 16:10) but were rescued from that place (Psm. 49:15,16). Adulterers and fornicators were, metaphorically, described as in the lower parts of Sheol or the grave (Prov. 9:18). Sheol and Abaddon (Destruction) are as open to the eyes of God as are the hearts and thoughts of humankind; there is nothing mysterious about them to Him (Prov. 15:11).

and the noise...

הֶמְיָה

hemyah

A feminine noun indicating noise, music. It depicts the noise or music of harps (Isa. 14:11) standing for the pride and joy of Babylon.

of thy viols...

נֵבֶל

nebel, נֶבֶל

nebel

I. A masculine noun indicating a storage jar, a skin bottle. A jug or other container for wine (1Sam. 1:24; 10:3; 25:18; 2Sam. 16:1); water (Job 38:37); figuratively for all kinds of purposes (Isa. 22:24; Jer. 48:12). It is used figuratively of persons (Lam. 4:2). Some vessels were made of clay (Isa. 30:14).

II. A masculine noun referring to a harp, a lyre, a stringed instrument. It refers to a stringed instrument (Amos 5:23; 6:5); a harp of ten strings (1Sam. 10:5; 1Kgs. 10:12; Psm. 33:2; 57:8,9; 92:3,4). It was used by prophets and at religious feasts, ceremonies, and in various common celebrations.

the worm...

רִמָּה

rimmah

A feminine noun referring to a worm, a maggot. It refers to worm-like insect larva. It often appears in any decaying matter (Exo. 16:24); such as decaying manna or a decomposing corpse (Job 7:5; 21:26; 24:20). It is used in various literary ways by Job: as my mother (Job. 17:14); a feature of Sheol (Isa. 14:11). Humankind is figuratively compared to a maggot in its lowliness (Job 25:6).

is spread...

יָצַע

yāṣa‛

A verb indicating a spreading out, making a bed, laying. It means to lie down for various reasons: for mourning and fasting on ashes and sackcloth (Est. 4:3). It indicates the act of spreading out or preparing sackcloth and ashes to lie upon (Isa. 58:5). It is used figuratively of making one's bed or couch in Sheol (Psm. 139:8); God is also there. It figuratively describes maggots spread out as a bed in Sheol (Isa. 14:11).

under...

תַּחַת

tahat

A preposition meaning under, beneath; in place of. It indicates a position below or underneath some other reference point (Gen. 1:7, 1:9; 2:21; with suffix tahten-nah; Gen. 18:4). It can mean in place of, instead of (Gen. 4:25; Exo. 21:26). Tahat meh means under what? why? (Jer. 5:19). Under something may be indicated by le, to, following this word (Eze. 10:2). Out from under has min, from, attached to the front of tahat (Exo. 6:7), out from under the oppression of the Egyptians. It may be used as a noun (see Gen. 2:21 above) to indicate the place under someone or something, on the spot (NASB) (2Sam. 2:23).

thee, and the worms...

תּוֹלָע

tôlā‛, תּוֹלֵעָה

tôlē‛āh, תּוֹלַעַת

tôla‛aṯ

I. A masculine noun meaning crimson, purple, scarlet. It refers to the color of one's sins that stands out in a shocking way, drawing attention to its intensity. God can make sins white, cleanse them away (Isa. 1:18). These colors also are associated with royalty, palacial living, etc. (Lam. 4:5).

II. A masculine noun meaning a worm. It refers to some kind of soft-bodied animal that lives underground, in water, or as a parasite, which was the case of worms that fed on manna, putrefying it (Exo. 16:20).

III. A masculine noun meaning crimson (bright red), purple, scarlet. It refers to the colors attributed by scholars to expensive cloth materials or threads, ropes, chains, etc. of cloth, used in the materials found in the Tabernacle and its furnishings (Exo. 25:4; etc.; Num. 4:8). A scarlet string was involved in the ritual of cleansing a leper (Lev. 14:4, 14:6); a house (Lev. 14:49, 14:51-52); and in the law of the red heifer (Num. 19:6).

IV. A masculine noun referring to a worm. It refers to some parasitic worm or insect larvae that destroyed manna (Exo. 16:20); vineyards (Deut. 28:39). A worm destroyed Jonah's favorite shade plant (Jon. 4:7). It is used to describe the low character and estate of a person as a worm (Job 25:6; Psm. 22:6,7; Isa. 41:14). It is described figuratively as the bedding provided in Sheol (Isa. 14:11); a permanent tormenting feature of Sheol (Isa. 66:24).

V. A masculine noun referring to a string. It refers to a scarlet string enî tôla’at used in several cleansing rituals (Lev. 14:4, 14:6, 14:49, 14:51-52).

cover thee...

מְכַסֶּה

mekasseh

A masculine noun indicating a covering, clothes. It is used of the fatty tissue omentum covering the entrails of animals of sacrifice (Lev. 9:19). It is used metaphorically of worms crawling over a person in Sheol (Isa. 14:11). It indicates the clothing or covering the Lord confiscated from Tyre for His people (Isa. 23:18; Eze. 27:7).

Though he had lived in pomp with music harps he would now lie in corruption. Maggots and worms would decompose his body in the grave.

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